Diaspora Led Development

1. Diaspora Led Development The Potentialities of the uk based diaspora SaadoJidre, BSWN.

2. Who Are The UK Based Diaspora? • 2.175 Million people from 24 Commonwealth African and Asian countries • 600,000 more people from 16 non-Commonwealth ‘Developing Countries’ • Populations of over 100,000 – India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Kenya, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, Zimbabwe, Somalia. • Other significant populations (50,000+) – Ghana, Malaysia, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan.(World Bank, 2013)

3. 50% Male and Female • 50% between 24 and 49 years of age. (ONS, 2013) • 52% of long-term migrants in UK intend to stay for just 1 – 2 years (2011 Census Data. ONS)

4. Diaspora Life in the UK • Unemployment rate of BME population at least double White British –Institute of Race Relations • 79.8% of immigrant students whose mothers did not receive a GCSE level of education were placed in disadvantaged schools – Education at a Glance, OECD 2013 • Black African mothers had a maternal mortality rate in the UK nearly six times that of White women – Migration Observatory Briefing, 2011

5. 11.4% of UK population over 10 were from BME groups but – • 32.8% of Stop and Searches by police were of people from a BME group • 20.4% of arrests by police were of people from a BME group • 28% of the prison population were people from a BME group Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System 2010 –Ministry of Justice

6. Diaspora contribution to the UK • 8% of the UK working population are non-EEA migrants – Labour Force Survey, 2010 • 9.7% of employees in strategically important sectors are non-EAA Migrants – Labour Force Survey, 2011 • 52% of these are graduates (38% UK born employees) – Labour Force Survey, 2010 • Migrants and refugees made a net contribution of £3 Billion to the UK Economy – Home Office, 2011

7. Diaspora in UK contribution to ‘home’ • UK Remittance Outflow 2012 (US$) – 23.5 Billion. • $13 Billion to the 40 African and Asian Commonwealth countries and other developing countries • India - $4.25 Billion, Nigeria - $3.8 Billion, Pakistan - $1.5 Billion • Bangladesh - $850 Million, Kenya - $490 Million, Sri Lanka - $400 Million, Somalia - $100 Million www.worldbank.org/prospects/migrationandremittances

8. Diaspora Remittances to home - Global • Total Global Remittances: India - $63 Billion, Nigeria - $20.5 Billion, Pakistan - $14 Billion • Bangladesh - $14 Billion, Sri Lanka - $6 Billion, Somalia - $1.3 Billion, Kenya - $1.2 Billion www.worldbank.org/prospects/migrationandremittances

9. Social Remittances • Sponsorship of schools, teacher, hospitals, sanitation, and other social services – not coordinated • Knowledge and skills transfer – not coordinated • Business involvement and development – not coordinated • Political engagement – not coordinated

10. Diaspora involvement in Post 2015 Development Agenda • “Steps could be taken to give Diasporas a more active voice. These could include involving Diasporas in international forums to co-ordinate resources flows from donors and from Diasporas for development and reconstruction.”. (Nyberg Sørensen, Van Hear and Engberg-Pedersen 2002)

11. Constraints on Diaspora • The constraints are mainly the lack of capacity of the diaspora organisations, both institutional and organisational, to transfer their social remittances more effectively and in a large scale manner to their countries of origin. Social Remittances of the African Diasporas in Europe - North-South Centre of the Council of Europe, 2006

12. Ways Forward • The establishment of co-development transnational networks could enhance the transference of remittances. For this reason, it seems appropriate that governmental institutions should provide the means for the creation of such networks. Social Remittances of the African Diasporas in Europe - North-South Centre of the Council of Europe, 2006