Historical Background Gandhi’s Biography The Salt March India's Independence

1. Gandhi Historical Background Gandhi’s Biography The Salt March India's Independence Another example of civil disobedience Cuttings from the movie

2. History Background • 18th century: The British East-India-Company, a union of traders, was founded in India • traders had support of the British crown • India was subjected1 to a viceroy2 who had his own board3 • A part of this board was Indian, appointed4 by the viceroy, because Britain couldn't rule alone over millions of people • Britain transferred to5 Indian landlords the right to handle taxes • Britons educated Indians as officials in a British college The flag of British India Annotations: 1: unterworfen 2: Vizekönig 3: Gremium 4: ernannt 5: übertragen

3. taxes financed the wars of conquest1 in Afghanistan and Burma, the military and the enlargement2 of the British empire • Economy3 strived4, too, because at the time of the American Civil War Indian cotton5 replaced6 the American one • in the First and Second World War India’s economy flourished7, too, but the British routes of trade were cut off • Britain was dependent on India • the colony India was very profitable for the British Empire Flag of the Indian empire Annotations: 1: Eroberungskriege 2: Vergrößerung 3: Wirtschaft 4: gedeihen 5:Baumwolle 6: ersetzen 7: aufblühen

4. Biography of Gandhi Important stages in his life • 2nd October 1869: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born in Porbandar, India • When he was 13, Gandhi marries Kasturba (13) • Gandhi went to London to study law • 1893: Gandhi went to South Africa • He stayed for 21 years to secure rights for the Indians in South Africa The young Mohandás Karamchand Gándhí

5. He developed the concept „Satyagraha“ • 1915: Gandhi returned to India and became the leader of the Indian nationalist movement • 12.03.1930: Gandhi and his confederates started the Salt March • 15.08.1947: at the end of a trial between Gandhi and the viceroy of England India became independent • 30.01.1947: Gandhi is killed by a nationalistic Hindu The lawyer Gándhí in South Africa

6. The last picture, which was taken of Gandhi before he were killed

7. The Salt March • From Ashram Ahmedabad to the Arabic sea (200 miles) • They needed 24 days to reach the sea • Important aim: Showing the Britons their injustice • Every Indian should oppose to the salt monopoly • They sold the salt without tax • 50,000 Indians were arrested • The Salt March resulted in India's Independence Gandhi during the Salt March

8. India‘s Independence • educated lawyers became revolutionists • Gandhi founded the Indian national congress with Jawaharlal Nehru, a union of Indian Hindus and Muslims • Britain tried to divide the independence movement by giving India more independence and using religious tensions between Hindus and Muslims

9. Britain refused to give India independence, though they had confirmed to do this in 1941 • tensions between the Hindu majority and the Muslim minority increased due to cultural nationalism in the Hindu population • after the World War Two Britain was not sure wether to give India independence or to keep a little bit of control, but things had developed too fast • Lord Mountbatten arranged India’s independence and division into Pakistan and India • India became independent in August 1947 Gandhi in India India‘s Flag

10. Another example for civil disobedience • The Anti Atomic Power movement • Anti Atomic Power movement was formed in Germany in the 70s of the last century • common demand: atomic plants should be completely shut down immediately • their reasons: e.g. safety or the problematic disposal of atomic waste The anti atomic power sun

11. protest forms: demonstrating, sabotaging, changing the power provider, occupying the site of a new atomic plant and also of course blockading e.g. they make sit ins or link themselvesup • Blockades are a protest form, which are also based on civil disobedience

13. The End