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Root

Root. The root is the organ of a plant that typically lies below the surface of the soil. Root is the organ of the plant, originates from the radical of the embryo. The first root that comes from a plant is called the radicle.

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Root

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  1. Root The root is the organ of a plant that typically lies below the surface of the soil. Root is the organ of the plant, originates from the radical of the embryo. The first root that comes from a plant is called the radicle. It grows downwards, fixes the seedling later the plant to the ground and absorbs raw food materials the soil

  2. Characteristics • Root does not normally bear buds. • Root end is protected by a cup or thimble known as root cap. • Root bears unicellular hairs, while the stem bears mostly multicellular hairs. • Nodes and internodes are absent in roots.

  3. Functions • Mechanical. eg. Anchorage • Physiological. eg. • Absorption • Conduction • Storage mainly.

  4. Types of Roots • Normal Root • Adventitious root / Fibrous root

  5. Modifications of roots • Modified tap root • Fusiform root • Swollen in the middle and gradually tapering both ends. eg. Radish • Napiform root • The upper part becomes almost spherical and sharply tapering at the bottom part. eg. Turnip. • Conical root • When the root is broad at the base and it gradually tapper towards the apex like a cone, it is said to be conical. eg. Carrot. • Tuberous root • When the root is thick and fleshy but does not maintain any particular shape, it is said to tuberous or tubercular. eg. Sweet potato

  6. Modifications of roots Modified adventitious roots Fasciculated root When several tubercular roots occur in a cluster or fascicle at the base of the stem are said to be fasciculate as in Dahlia and Asparagus Moniliform root When there are some swellings in root at frequent intervals, it is said to be moniliform root. eg. Teasel gourd Nodal root When the slender root becomes suddenly swollen at or near the apex, it is said to be nodal root. eg. Sugar cane

  7. Modifications of roots Epiphytic root There are certain plants, commonly orchids, which grow on branches of trees. Such plants are known as epiphytes. In stead of sucking roots they develop special kinds of aerial roots which freely in the air. Each hanging root is surrounded by a spongy tissue, called velamen with help of the velamen they absorbs moisture from the surrounding air.

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