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Lesson 9-CD Media

Lesson 9-CD Media. Overview. Understanding compact disc (CD) media technologies. Installing CD media drives. Using CD media. CD media troubleshooting. Understanding Compact Disc (CD) Media Technologies.

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Lesson 9-CD Media

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  1. Lesson 9-CD Media

  2. Overview • Understanding compact disc (CD) media technologies. • Installing CD media drives. • Using CD media. • CD media troubleshooting.

  3. Understanding Compact Disc (CD) Media Technologies • Compact Disc (CD) is an extremely popular type of removable optical media that was originally designed to store music. • This original musical compact disc was called CD audio or CDDA. • The discs cover a range of technologies such as CD-R (CD-recordable), CD-RW (CD-rewriteable), and DVD (Digital versatile disc), which collectively form the CD media.

  4. Understanding Compact Disc (CD) Media Technologies • CD data storage. • CD-ROM. • Speeds. • CD-R. • CD-RW. • DVD.

  5. CD Data Storage • CD media store data in the form of microscopic pits on a plastic disc with a reflective surface. • When a laser scans the disc and comes across a pit, it reads that as a 0. • When the laser comes to a spot without a pit, called a land, it reads the reflected light from the shiny surface as a 1. • All CDs are divided into 2,352-byte sectors, each of which represents 1/75th of a second of high-quality stereo sound.

  6. CD-ROM • The standard file format for storing computer files on a CD, ISO9660, was introduced in 1989. • The file system used by a data CD is CDFS (CD file system). • A standard data CD stores 650 MB of data.

  7. Speeds • The first CD-ROM drives processed data at roughly 150 Kbps. • Each speed increase is measured in multiples of the speed of the original 150-Kbps drives. • Drives are given an x number to denote this multiple. • Faster drives are given an x number, known as a multiplier, to show their speed relative to the first drives.

  8. CD-R • The CD-R (CD-recordable) standard was introduced in the mid 1990s. • Inexpensive CD-R drives were able to write data to CD-R discs that could be read by any CD-ROM drive.

  9. CD-R • CD-R drives can also read CD-ROM discs and uses two lasers. • CD-R drives have a read speed at which the drive can retrieve data and a write speed at which the drive can burn data.

  10. CD-RW • CD-RW (CD-rewriteable) technology allows users to add and delete data from a CD-RW disc. • CD-RW drives can read CD-ROM, CD-R, and CD-RW media, and can write to both, CD-Rs and CD-RWs. • CD-RW drives have three multiplier speeds - a write speed, a rewrite speed, and a read speed. • CD-RW is equivalent to 650 MB of floppy disks.

  11. DVD • The DVD (digital versatile disc) was released in 1995. • DVD video discs store 135 minutes of video on each side of the disc. • DVD-ROM discs can hold up to 4.37 GB per side.

  12. DVD • Double-sided DVDs can hold up to 8.74 GB, but must be flipped to access the other side. • Special DVD drive and a third party DVD player software is needed to play the DVD disc.

  13. Installing CD Media Drives • Physical installation. • Driver installation. • Application installation.

  14. Physical Installation • Most CD drives are ATAPI devices that connect via the EIDE bus using the same 40-pin cable as used by the hard drive. • CD drives also need to be set to either slave or master, depending on how they will be installed on the EIDE bus.

  15. Physical Installation • Universal audio cables have several connectors to fit any sound card. • MPC2/MPC2 cables with standardized connectors are the most common type of cable used today. • CD media drives use a Molex connector from the power supply.

  16. Driver Installation • A CD media drive appears in the Device Manager and My Computer. • Windows 98 does not differentiate among the different types of CD media. • Windows XP recognizes the different types of CD devices and supports burners and DVD drives natively.

  17. Application Installation • CD-R/CD-RW drives need software to enable them to burn CDs. • If the computer is running an operating system prior to Windows XP, the appropriate applications must be installed for CD-RW and DVD drives.

  18. Using CD Media • Audio files versus audio tracks. • Autoplay. • Burning CDs.

  19. Audio Files Versus Audio Tracks • Most digital music is stored on the hard drive in sound formats like WAV, MP3, and WMA. • MP3 and WMA are special compressed formats, while WAV files are uncompressed. • Audio tracks are not files, but are raw digital data designed to be read by audio CD players. • The drivers called codecs convert compressed files into an uncompressed format.

  20. Autoplay • When a CD is inserted in Windows 98, it looks for a special file called AUTORUN.INF on the CD. • On a program CD, AUTORUN.INF starts a menu program to present the user with available options. • When an audio CD is inserted, and autoplay is on, the built-in CD Player tool will begin to play the CD. • If a data CD has an AUTORUN.INF file, then Windows XP behaves in the same way as Windows 98.

  21. Burning CDs • The three basic types of CDs created with CD burning software are audio, data, and mixed mode CDs. • Audio CDs consist of music or other sound stored in individual tracks. • Data CDs store files just like a hard drive.

  22. Burning CDs • Mixed mode CDs contain both, files as well as audio tracks. • CD-to-CD copies do not require another CD drive, but the process is faster with two drives. • Windows XP includes the burning interface directly in Windows Explorer. • Windows XP does not offer CD-to-CD copying or the creation of ISO images.

  23. CD Media Troubleshooting • Drive problems. • Disc problems.

  24. Drive Problems • A common first indicator that a drive was not correctly installed will be its failure to appear in My Computer. • Other drive problems are an unplugged power cable, a cable that has been inserted backward, and misconfiguration of jumpers or switches. • BIOS or the operating system’s device drivers check whether the system can see the CD media drive.

  25. Disc Problems • Polishing – Scratches at the bottom of the CD can be polished, but the scratches on top of the CD can destroy the CD. • Burn speeds – Mismatched burn speeds between the CD drive and the CD media may cause a failure. • Quality issues – The right organic inks are needed for the burning process.

  26. Disc Problems • Firmware – The Flash ROM chip that carries essential BIOS for the drive must be upgraded to increase the capabilities of a CD media drive.

  27. Summary • A standard CD-ROM stores up to 650 MB of data and has a read speed based on a multiple of the original 150 kbps read speed of the first CD-ROM. • The process of placing data on a CD-R or CD-RW disc is called burning. • Before Windows XP, which uses built-in burning software, a third-party burning program was needed to burn CDs.

  28. Summary • Almost all CD media drives are ATAPI drives that install just like a hard drive. • Audio cables come in three types, universal audio, MPC2/SoundBlaster, and MPC2/MPC2. • The ability of Windows to detect and respond to the presence of an inserted CD disc is called autoplay or Auto Insert Notification.

  29. Summary • If problems arise during the installation, verify the installation to see if an error was made. • Many CD-ROM drives have built-in firmware that can be updated.

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