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Neutrinos from Stored Muons n STORM

Neutrinos from Stored Muons n STORM. n physics with a μ storage ring. Outline. Historical context Physics motivation The facility Physics potential Project considerations Moving forward and Conclusions. Historical Context. Introduction.

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Neutrinos from Stored Muons n STORM

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  1. Neutrinos from Stored MuonsnSTORM n physics with a μ storage ring

  2. Outline • Historical context • Physics motivation • The facility • Physics potential • Project considerations • Moving forward and Conclusions Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  3. Historical Context

  4. Introduction • For over 30 years physicists have been talking about doing nexperiments with nsfrom m decay • Flavor content fully known • “NearAbsolute” Flux Determination is possible in a storage ring • Beam current, polarization, beam divergence monitor, mp spectrometer • Overall, there is tremendous control of systematic uncertainties with a well designed system • Initially the motivation was high-energy n interaction physics. • BUT, so far no experiment has ever been done! Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  5. 30 Years in the Making • First proposed in detail by David Neuffer in 1980 at the Telemark Wisconsin workshop on neutrino mass The technology existed then & It certainly exists now Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  6. P-860 (1990) • A Search for Neutrino Oscillations Using the Fermilab Debuncher Slide from 1991 PAC Presentation Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  7. Muons in the Debuncher? Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  8. The Birth of the Neutrino Factory - 1998 TopCite 500+ “Renowned Paper” Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  9. n physics with a μ storage ring For the past decade+, the focus has been on n oscillation physics 12 channels accessible if Enis above the t threshold Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  10. Neutrino Factory Studies • Study 1 (US-Fermilab) [2000] • Study 2 (US-BNL) [2001] • NuFact-J study [2001] • CERN NF study [2002] • Study 2a (APS Multidivisional Neutrino Study) [2004] • ISS (first international study; ISS group) [2006] • One finishing up • International Design Study for a NF • RDR ready by September 2013 • But will supply input to Snowmass ‘13 Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  11. International Design Study for a Neutrino Factory (IDS-NF) • The baseline NF in the 2011 IDS-NF Interim Design Report (IDR) is the high-energy (Em=25 GeV) machine, two-baseline facility: • Proton Driver • 4 MW, 2 ns bunch • Target, Capture, Drift (π→μ) & Phase Rotation • Hg Jet • 200 MHz train • Cooling • 30 pmm ( ^ ) • 150 pmm ( L ) • Acceleration • 103 MeV ® 25 GeV • Decay rings • 7500 km L • 4000 km L • Focused on reaching the highest possible sensitivity for very small q13 Figure of Merit: » 0.15 m/pot @ end of cooling channel Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  12. The NF Goal was To Know what we “Don’t” Know We do Now O. Mena and S. Parke, Phys.Rev. D69 (2004) Is the NF Concept Still Relevant? Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  13. NF in context of q13» 9oCurrent status of IDS-NF design • Simpler Facility – New IDS-NF baseline • Single baseline (2300-2600 km) • Lower Em= 10 GeV (eliminate final acceleration stage) • Still gives best dcp coverage & precision • But is still quite expensive Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  14. Is there an affordable m-based n beam “First Step”? YES • nuSTORM • It is a near-term facility • Because, technically, we can do it now • Addresses the SBL, large dm2n oscillation regime • Provides beam for precision n interaction physics • Accelerator technology test bed • potential for intense low energy muon beam • Provides for mdecay ring R&D (instrumentation) & technology demonstration platform • Provides a n Detector Test Facility Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  15. This is what we want to do near-term:Neutrinos from STORed Muons, nSTORM So, here is where we are with the NF This is the simplest implementation of the NF 3.8 GeV/c And DOES NOT Require the Development of ANY New Technology Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  16. Physics motivation &Theoretical Considerations Beyond the nSM

  17. Short-baseline n oscillation studies • Sterile neutrinos arise naturally in many extensions of the Standard Model. • GUT models • Seesaw mechanism for n mass • “Dark” sector • Usually heavy, but light not ruled out. • Experimental hints • LSND • MiniBooNE • GA • Reactor “anomaly” 3+1 Kopp, Machado, Maltoni & Schwetz (work in progress) & arXiv:1103.4570". Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  18. 3 + 2 Models 3+2 • Models with 2 sterile neutrinos provide better fits to the data 1+3+1 arXiv:1204.5379v1 arXiv:1103.4570 Kopp, Maltoni & Schwetz Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  19. 3 + 3 Model • A 3+3 model has recently been shown to better fit all available data J.M. Conrad, C.M. Ignarra, G. Karagiorgi, M.H. Shaevitz, J. Spitz (arXiv:1207.4765v1) Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  20. From Kopp, Maltoni & Schwetz In conclusion, we have shown that a global fit to short baseline oscillation searches assuming two sterile neutrinos improves significantly when new predictions for the reactor neutrino flux are taken into account, although some tension remains in the fit. We are thus facing an intriguing accumulation of hints for the existence of sterile neutrinos at the eV scale, and a confirmation of these hints in the future would certainly be considered a major discovery. Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  21. n Interaction Physics

  22. n Cross-section measurements • The next generation of LB experiments face some significant challenges • CP asymmetry decreases with increasing sin2213 • Well…. I should say that the CP asymmetry IS small • Flux and cross-sections must be known to much better than 5% • Gaining a better understanding of x-sections may be crucial to these future experiments • The energy range of interest is roughly 1-3 GeV • mstorage rings provide the only way to get large sample of ne and nm interactions (both neutrino and anti-neutrino) in a single experiment and: • With m decay ring instrumentation we anticipate getting the flux uncertainty below 1% and • With a well designed suite of near detectors, x-sections can be measured to the few % level or less. • Great deal of ND work for LBNE, LBNO & IDS-NF • Reach an overall systematic uncertainly that is very difficult (impossible?) in conventional n beams Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  23. n Cross-section measurements • Cross-section measurements • m storage ring presents only way to measure nm& ne & ( ) x-sections in same experiment • Supports future long-baseline experiments • Important to note that with θ13 large, the asymmetry you’re trying to measure is small, so: • Need to know underlying ν/νbar flux & σ more precisely • Bkg content & uncertainties start to become more important Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  24. A detector for n interaction physicsOne Example Sanjib Mishra • HiResMn • Evolution of the NOMAD experiment • One of the concepts considered for ND for LBNE • Studied as ND for NF • Capabilities • High resolution spectrometer • Low density • PID & tracking • Nuclear targets Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  25. n Interaction PhysicsA partial sampling • ne and ne-bar x-section measurements • p0 production in n interactions • Coherent and quasi-exclusive single p0 production • Charged p & K production • Coherent and quasi-exclusive single p+production • Multi-nucleon final states • n-e scattering • n-Nucleon neutral current scattering • Measurement of NC to CC ratio • Charged and neutral current processes • Measurement of ne induced resonance production • Nuclear effects • Semi-exclusive & exclusive processes • Measurement of Ks0, L & L-bar production • New physics & exotic processes • Test of nm- neuniversality • Heavy n • eV-scale pseudo-scalar penetrating particles Over 60 topics (thesis) accessible at nuSTORM Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  26. The Facility

  27. Baseline • 100 kW Target Station • Assume 60-120 GeV proton • Fermilab PIP era • High-Z target • Optimization on-going ® C • Horn collection after target • Li lens has also been explored • Collection/transport channel • Stochastic injection of p • Decay ring • Large aperture FODO • Also considering RFFAG • Instrumentation • BCTs, mag-Spec in arc, polarimeter 3.8 GeV/c Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  28. m-base n beam:Oscillation channels 8 out of 12 channels potentially accessible Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  29. Sergei Striganov Ao Liu Fermilab p Production, Capture & Transport In momentum range 4.5 < 5.0 < 5.5 Obtain » 0.11 p±/pot with 60 GeV p & NuMI-style horn Heavy metal target Target/capture optimization ongoing L » 20m 80% Collection + Transport Efficiency Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  30. p Transport & p beam absorber Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  31. Injection Concept • Concept works for FODO lattice • Now detailed by Ao Liu • Work in progress for RFFAG • π’s are on aninjection orbit • separated by chicane • μ’s are in ring circulating orbit • lower p ~3.8 GeV/c • ~30cm separation between David Neuffer’s original concept from 1980 Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  32. ms at end of first straight Ao Liu Fermilab Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  33. Y. Mori & JB Lagrange Kyoto A. Sato Osaka FFAG Racetrack Low dispersion in straight Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  34. RFFAG Dynamic Aperture Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  35. FODO vs. RFFAG Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  36. Enspectra (m+ stored) Integrated over the 150 m straight at a position 50m from the end of the straight with 3m diameter detector NOTE: The transport line and ring could be re-tuned for 2 GeV/c m and move these spectra lower by » a factor of two with some drop in m production efficiency Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  37. The Physics Reach Appearance (Golden) Channel for sterile(s) search

  38. Assumptions • Nm = (POT) X (p/POT) X ecollection X einj X (m/p) X Adynamic X W • 1021 POT in 5 years of running @ 60 GeV in Fermilab PIP era • 0.1 p/POT (FODO) • ecollection = 0.8 (collection off horn + decay in transfer line) • einj = 0.8 • m/p = 0.08 (gct X m capture in p ® m decay) [p decay in straight] • Adynamic = 0.75 (FODO) • W = Straight/circumference ratio (0.43) (FODO) • This yields »1.7 X 1018 useful m decays Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  39. Enspectra (m+ stored) Event rates/100T at ND hall 50m from straight with m+ stored ne nm-bar Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  40. Experimental Layout Appearance Channel: ne ® nm Golden Channel Must reject the “wrong” sign m with great efficiency ~ 1500 m 150 Why nm ® ne Appearance Ch. not possible Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  41. Baseline DetectorSuper B Iron Neutrino Detector: SuperBIND • Magnetized Iron • 1.3 kT • Following MINOS ND ME design • 1-2 cm Fe plate • 5-6 m diameter • Utilize superconducting transmission line for excitation • Developed 10 years ago for VLHC • Extruded scintillator +SiPM 20 cm hole For 8 turns of STL Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  42. Simulation – nm appearance Ryan Bayes Glasgow • Full GEANT4 Simulation • Extrapolation from ISS and IDS-NF studies for the MIND detector • Uses GENIE to generate the neutrino interactions. • Involves a flexible geometry that allows the dimensions of the detector to be altered easily (for optimization purposes, for example). • Does not yet have the detailed B field, but parameterized fit is very good • Event selection/cuts • Cuts-based analysis • Multivariate in development Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  43. Event reconstruction efficiency Left: 1 cm plates, Right: 2 cm plates Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  44. Backgrounds Left: 1 cm plates Right: 2 cm plates Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  45. Raw Event Rates& Sensitivities Chris Tunnell Oxford 3+1 Assumption Appearance channels Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  46. ne ® nmappearanceCPT invariant channel to MiniBooNE Cuts-based Analysis 2 cm plate Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  47. Multivariate AnalysisCC-NC discrimination Ryan Bayes Steve Bramsiepe Glasgow • 2 cm plates • Updated reconstruction • Tested 3 multi-variate methods • KNN • BDT • MLP • Goal to reduce threshold & increase eff. • BDT Best • Lower Bkgs. Clearly, raising our peak En by .5 to 1 GeV would help Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  48. Background rates Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  49. ne ® nmappearanceCPT invariant channel to LSND/MiniBooNE 2 cm plate Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

  50. ne ® nmappearance Preliminary 1% systematic 10% bkg uncertainty 3+1 Assumption Alan Bross Fermilab Colloquium February 27th, 2013

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