1 / 24

SPIM part I

SPIM part I. Chun-Cheng Lin ( 林春成 ) & Jiunn-Jye Lee ( 李俊頡 ) CS, EE, NTU. Outline. Introduction SPIM Interface Simulator Usage MIPS R2000 Assembler Language Program Example. Introduction. SPIM A simulator that runs programs for the MIPS R2000/R3000 RISC computers

maren
Download Presentation

SPIM part I

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. SPIMpart I Chun-Cheng Lin ( 林春成 ) & Jiunn-Jye Lee ( 李俊頡 ) CS, EE, NTU

  2. Outline • Introduction • SPIM Interface • Simulator Usage • MIPS R2000 Assembler Language • Program Example

  3. Introduction • SPIM • A simulator that runs programs for the MIPS R2000/R3000 RISC computers • Developed by James R. Larus, Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison • Detail information can be found in Appendix A in the textbook • Functions of SPIM • Reads and executes MIPS assembly language file immediately • Works as a debugger • Provides some OS like services

  4. Installation • Download • http://www2.ee.ntu.edu.tw/~harold/ca/spim.html • Windows Version • Extract the zipped file to a new folder • Execute setup.exe and follow the installation procedure • Unix Version • Get spim-6.3.tar.gz • Move it to a directory • Unzip it -- gzip -d spim6.3.tar.gz • Untar it -- tar xvf spim6.3.tar

  5. Installation (cont ) • Configure • Edit Imakefile, modify RAP_DIR, BIN_DIR and MAN_DIR • make • make xspim • Type “xspim” to execute it • For more information, read the README in source files • For RedHat Linux only • Get spim-6.3-1.i386.rpm • Login Linux with root permission • rpm -i spim-6.3-1.i386.rpm • If some packages needed by SPIM are not found, install them from your RedHat distribution

  6. Windows Interface • Registers window • shows the values of all registers in the MIPS CPU and FPU • Text segment window • shows instructions • Data segment window • shows the data loaded into the program’s memory and the data of the program’s stack • Messages window • shows PCSpim messages (include error messages) Registers Text Segment Data Segment Messages

  7. Console interface

  8. Simulator Setting

  9. Simulator Usage • Opening source file • Use File menu or toolbar button ( File  Open (*.s) ) • Simulation • Go: Run loaded program • Break / Continue • Single / Multiple Step: Stepping for debugging • Breakpoint: Stop program before it executes a particular instruction • Reload: Reload source file after change it with editor program • Reinitialize / Clear Registers

  10. MIPS Assembly Layout • Program Layout .text #code section .globl main #starting point: must be global main: # user program code .data #data section label: .data_type list_of_data #data loc + data type + data .text #code section label: #function label #user functions

  11. MIPS Assembler Directives (1/2) • Data Types .word, .half - 32/16 bit integer .byte - 8 bit integer (similar to ‘char’ type in C) .ascii, .asciiz - string (asciiz is null terminated) • Strings are enclosed in double-quotas(”) • Special characters in strings follow the C convention • newline(\n), tab(\t), quote(\”) .double, .float - floating point

  12. MIPS Assembler Directives (2/2) • Other Directives • .text - Indicates that following items are stored in the user text segment • .data - Indicates that following data items are stored in the data segment • .globl sym- Declare that symbol sym is global and can be referenced from other files

  13. MIPS registers

  14. SPIM Program Example I • A Simple Program #sample example 'add two numbers’ .text # text section .globl main # call main by SPIM main: la $t0, value # load address ‘value’ into $t0 lw $t1, 0($t0) # load word 0(value) into $t1 lw $t2, 4($t0) # load word 4(value) into $t2 add $t3, $t1, $t2 # add two numbers into $t3 sw $t3, 8($t0) # store word $t3 into 8($t0) .data # data section value: .word 10, 20, 0 # data for addition

  15. Example Processes (1/5) • Simulator  Clear Registers • Simulator  Reinitialize • Open add.s • Simulator  Go or Simulator  Single Step

  16. Example Processes (2/5) Registers ========================= PC = 00000000 EPC = 00000000 Cause = 00000000 BadVAddr= 00000000 Status = 00000000 HI = 00000000 LO = 00000000 General Registers R0 (r0) = 0 R8 (t0) = 268500992 R16 (s0) = 0 R24 (t8) = 0 R1 (at) = 268500992 R9 (t1) = 10 R17 (s1) = 0 R25 (t9) = 0 R2 (v0) = 0 R10 (t2) = 20 R18 (s2) = 0 R26 (k0) = 0 R3 (v1) = 0 R11 (t3) = 30 R19 (s3) = 0 R27 (k1) = 0 R4 (a0) = 0 R12 (t4) = 0 R20 (s4) = 0 R28 (gp) = 268468224 R5 (a1) = 2147478268 R13 (t5) = 0 R21 (s5) = 0 R29 (sp) = 2147478264 R6 (a2) = 2147478272 R14 (t6) = 0 R22 (s6) = 0 R30 (s8) = 0 R7 (a3) = 0 R15 (t7) = 0 R23 (s7) = 0 R31 (ra) = 4194328 Double Floating Point Registers … Single Floating Point Registers …

  17. Example Processes (3/5) Text Segment ========================= [0x00400000] 0x8fa40000 lw $4, 0($29) ; 102: lw $a0, 0($sp) # argc [0x00400004] 0x27a50004 addiu $5, $29, 4 ; 103: addiu $a1, $sp, 4 # argv [0x00400008] 0x24a60004 addiu $6, $5, 4 ; 104: addiu $a2, $a1, 4 # envp [0x0040000c] 0x00041080 sll $2, $4, 2 ; 105: sll $v0, $a0, 2 addu $a2, $a2, $v0 [0x00400010] 0x00c23021 addu $6, $6, $2 ; 106: addu $a2, $a2, $v0 jal main [0x00400014] 0x0c100008 jal 0x00400020 [main] ; 107: jal main li $v0 10 [0x00400018] 0x3402000a ori $2, $0, 10 ; 108: li $v0 10 [0x0040001c] 0x0000000c syscall ; 109: syscall # syscall 10 (exit) [0x00400020] 0x3c011001 lui $1, 4097 [value] ; 6: la $t0, value # load address ‘value’ into $t0 [0x00400024] 0x34280000 ori $8, $1, 0 [value] [0x00400028] 0x8d090000 lw $9, 0($8) ; 7: lw $t1, 0($t0) # load word 0(value) into $t1 [0x0040002c] 0x8d0a0004 lw $10, 4($8) ; 8: lw $t2, 4($t0) # load word 4(value) into $t2 [0x00400030] 0x012a5820 add $11, $9, $10 ; 9: add $t3, $t1, $t2 # add two numbers into $t3 [0x00400034] 0xad0b0008 sw $11, 8($8) ; 10: sw $t3, 8($t0) # store word $t3 into 8($t0)

  18. Example Processes (4/5) Data Segment ========================= DATA [0x10000000]...[0x1000fffc] 0x00000000 [0x1000fffc] 0x00000000 [0x10010000] 0x0000000a 0x00000014 0x0000001e 0x00000000 [0x10010010]...[0x10040000] 0x00000000 STACK [0x7fffeaf8] 0x00000000 0x00000000 [0x7fffeb00] 0x7fffefe9 0x7fffefd4 0x7fffefc8 0x7fffefb2 … [0x7fffeff0] 0x444e4957 0x5c53574f 0x504d4554 0x00000000 KERNEL DATA [0x90000000] 0x78452020 0x74706563 0x206e6f69 0x636f2000 … [0x900001f0] 0x90000173 0x90000190 0x00000000 0x00000000 [0x90000200]...[0x90010000] 0x00000000

  19. Example Processes (5/5) • File  Save log file ( PCSpim.log )

  20. SPIM System Calls • System Calls (syscall) • OS-like services • Method • Load system call code into register $v0 • Load arguments into registers $a0…$a3 • After call, return value is in register $v0 • Frequently used system calls

  21. System services

  22. SPIM Program Example II • A Program with System Call #sample example 'system call' .text .globl main main: la $t0, value li $v0, 5 syscall sw $v0, 0($t0) li $v0, 5 syscall sw $v0, 4($t0) lw $t1, 0($t0) lw $t2, 4($t0) add $t3, $t1, $t2 sw $t3, 8($t0) li $v0, 4 la $a0, msg1 syscall li $v0, 1 move $a0, $t3 syscall .data value: .word 0, 0, 0 msg1: .asciiz "Result = "

  23. SPIM Program Example III • A Program with Procedure Call # sample example ‘swap two numbers’ .text .globl main main: la $a0, array addi $a1, $0, 0 addi $sp, $sp, -4 sw $ra, 0($sp) jal swap lw $ra, 0($sp) addi $sp, $sp, 4 jr $ra .data array: .word 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 .text # swap(int v[], int k) # { # int temp; # temp = v[k]; # v[k] = v[k+1]; # v[k+1] = temp; # } swap: add $t1, $a1, $a1 add $t1, $t1, $t1 add $t1, $a0, $t1 lw $t0, 0($t1) lw $t2, 4($t1) sw $t2, 0($t1) sw $t0, 4($t1) jr $ra

  24. References • http://www.cnb.uam.es/~coss/Ceu/Material/02-Ceu-SPIM.ppt • J. R. Larus, SPIM S20: A MIPS R2000 Simulator “1/25 the performance at none of the cost”, Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA, 1990-1997.

More Related