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CHEMISTRY OF HYDROCARBONS

CHEMISTRY OF HYDROCARBONS. Definitions. Organic compound – a molecular compound of carbon Hydrocarbon – compounds that are formed from carbon and hydrogen Carbon and hydrogen account for 90% of all the biological matter on EARTH!. Natural Organic Compounds. Synthetic Organic Compounds.

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CHEMISTRY OF HYDROCARBONS

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  1. CHEMISTRY OF HYDROCARBONS

  2. Definitions Organic compound – a molecular compound of carbon Hydrocarbon – compounds that are formed from carbon and hydrogen • Carbon and hydrogen account for 90% of all the biological matter on EARTH!

  3. Natural Organic Compounds

  4. Synthetic Organic Compounds • Medicines - painkillers, cough syrup, antidepressants • Perfumes, food flavourings • Materials – rubber, plastic • Fabrics – nylon, polyester

  5. Sources of Hydrocarbons • Wood • Fermentation of plants • Fossil fuels • Petroleum (crude oil) – formed from the remains of marine-based microscopic plants • Coal – formed from remains of land-based plants

  6. Properties of Carbon • Carbon has four bonding electrons. • Carbon can form strong single, double, and triple bonds with itself. • Carbon atoms can bond together to form a variety of geometrical structures

  7. Representing Structures and bonding • Expanded molecular formula • Shows the groupings of atoms Example: propane – C3H8, the chemical formula, does not show how atoms are bonded together -expanded molecular formula - CH3 CH2 CH3 illustrates the atomic arrangement

  8. Isomers • Isomers – compounds that have the same formula, but different structural arrangement Example: How many isomers are there for C5H14? Answer: 5

  9. Using structural models to represent Hydrocarbons • 3D representation of the structure of the compound

  10. Using Structural Diagrams to represent hydrocarbons Condensed Structural Diagram -shows bonds between the carbon atoms but not between the carbon and hydrogen atoms Line structural diagram - End of each line, and the points at which the lines meet, represent carbon atoms Complete structural diagram – shows how all atoms are bonded to one another

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