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7DS: Node Cooperation in Mostly Disconnected Networks

This research explores the use of local peer-to-peer wireless networks to exchange information in mostly disconnected networks. It proposes the 7DS concept, which enables mobile devices to access and generate information without relying on the Internet. The architecture includes components like a search engine, proxy server, and multicast engine. Analytical work on various applications within the 7DS framework is also discussed.

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7DS: Node Cooperation in Mostly Disconnected Networks

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  1. 7DS: Node Cooperation in Mostly Disconnected Networks Henning Schulzrinne (joint work with Arezu Moghadan, Maria Papadopouli, Suman Srinivasan and Andy Yuen) Dept. of Computer Science Columbia University

  2. Problems with Wide Area Wireless • 802.11 currently hard to deploy across city or large area • 2.5G/3G wireless networks not suitable for large data volumes • cost and network design • Problem: How can mobile devices / gadgets get and generate information? • Examples: • PDAs and smartphones • digital content such as news, maps, tourist information, entertainment • digital still and video cameras  MB of data Solution: 7DS!

  3. Concept • Use local peer-to-peer wireless networks to exchange information • Peers can get information they do not have from another peer • Model core Internet data applications • Internet  mobile: web access (retrieval) • Mobile  Internet: email (messaging) • Once wireless 7DS network set up, it could be used for any purpose • Getting web pages from peers • Sending e-mails • File transfer to selected client

  4. Illustration In the absence of the Internet, nodes can exchange information amongst themselves Internet

  5. Realization

  6. System architecture web browser proxy search engine Internet email client email queue

  7. Design • Peer-to-peer network set up using zeroconf • Protocol enables devices to get IP address and communicate without a DHCP / other server • Proxy server serves content • If connected to Internet, functions normally • If not connected, connects to peers to get information

  8. Design • Search engine • Allows self / peers to search within the device’s database for necessary information • Multicast querying system • Allows peers to query systems in peer-to-peer network • Searches can be for files or keywords • Transport System • To forward e-mail

  9. Design

  10. Connection & Proxy Server • Connection set up using zeroconf protocol • Similar to AppleTalk, Microsoft NETBIOS, Novell IPX • Uses link-local addressing, multicast DNS, DNS service discovery • Proxy server • Peer’s user client uses localhost proxy server by default • Detects Internet connection availability • If Internet, normal network operation • No Internet, peer-to-peer data exchange

  11. Search Engine • Provides ability to query self for results • Searches the cache index using Swish-e library • Presents results in any of three formats: HTML, XML and plain text • Similar in concept to Google Desktop

  12. Query multicast engine • Used to actually exchange information among peers • Requesting peer broadcasts a query to the network • Responding peers reply if they have information • Send encoded string with list of matching items • Requesting peer retrieves suitable information

  13. Analytical work on 7DS • Email upload application • How to remove message replicas upon email delivery? • Impact of a feedback channel? • P2P file exchange • Throughput related to content popularity model • How to improve dissemination for unpopular content? • Push based vs. Pull based data dissemination • Bloom filter based vs. query based strategy • Optimal design parameters for Bloom filter based algorithm

  14. Email Delivery App • How to remove redundant message replicas upon email delivery? • Time-based (TB): purge message upon TTL expiration TB(TTL) • Hop-based (HB): purge message when dissemination tree reaches specific depth and breadth HB(breadth,depth) • Feedback (FB): receive notification upon message delivery • 4 Schemes: TB, HB, TB/FB, HB/FB • Storage cost (number of message replicas)

  15. Email Delivery App (Cont ‘d) • Hop-based scheme is superior, with smaller expected cost and variance • Expedited (100sec) and reliable message delivery (Pd=1) possible at small cost • 50 replicas for HB(7,2) • With feedback HB(7,2) has a cost of 18 replicas Stopping time: time when all message replicas are purged Message delivery time: time when email message is delivered FB and NFB schemes have same message delivery time statistically Stopping time and message delivery time is the same for FB schemes

  16. Conclusion • 7DS promises to allow local connectivity • Exchange of information within local network • No user intervention unless absolutely necessary • New step in practical, large-scale wireless networking with gadgets? • Remains to be seen

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