Healthy Home Solutions Lesson 7 : Lead in Y our Home

1. Healthy Home Solutions Lesson 7: Lead in Your Home <presenter name here>

2. Knowledge:List the connections between health, well-being, and the home environment • Comprehension: Consider lead hazards in the home and near environment • Application: List actions that can be taken to reduce lead risk in the home Learningobjectives

3. Lead poisoning remains the #1 environmental threat to America’s children • For most children, their exposure to lead occurs in the home • Young children, those age six and under, are particularly susceptible to the effects of lead poisoning Why do we care?

4. Naturally-occurring element found in soil, rocks, and water • A heavy metal • Used throughout human history as an additive for a wide variety of products • TOXIC to humans and animals What is lead?

5. For many decades, lead was added to paint: • Lead helped paint go on more smoothly, last longer, and resist rust more effectively • Leaded paint was used on both the interiors and exteriors of homes • Once the paint begins to deteriorate, it becomes a lead HAZARD Lead PAINT

6. Lead was banned from house paint in 1978 bythe U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission • That means that any home built before 1978 may contain leaded paint • The older the home, the greater the likelihood that the paint contained lead additives

7. Likelihood of lead paint (EPA estimates) Source: US Environmental Protection Agency, 2011

8. People are exposed to lead via INHALATION and INGESTION: • As paint deteriorates, it may flake/chip or degrade to a fine dust • Lead dust is virtually invisible and easily dispersed into the air • Ingesting (swallowing) lead chip and dust causes elevated blood lead levels Lead exposure Source: US Environmental Protection Agency, 2011

9. ALL lead paint will deteriorate with time, but some areas are especially vulnerable: • Windows • Doors • Stairs and banisters • The effects of weathering, friction, and human handling mean that paint degrades rapidly on these surfaces • Constant wear and tear degrades through the paint layers exposing residents to lead-based dust Interior lead paint

10. Exterior paint is subject to weathering • Lead paint chips and dust from deteriorating lead paint are likely to settle in the soil near homes • Children should avoid playing in the grass or soil in the immediate vicinity of the house • Vegetable gardens should be located as far from the house as possible Exteriorlead paint

11. Available online at EPA’s website, the Danger Zone Finder can help consumers recognize the locations in their homes where lead contamination is most likely: • http://www2.epa.gov/lead/home-danger-zone-finder EPA’sDanger ZoneFinder

12. Health effects of lead poisoning

13. Infants and young children are particularly vulnerable to lead poisoning • Lead poisoning deters the formation of synapses (connections between brain cells) and damages the myelin coating on the nerves (neurons) in the brain • The outcome: Elevated blood levels can affect child’s behavior, abilities, and long term outcomes Neurological impacts oninfants and young children Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010, pp. iii, 10

14. The majority of lead poisoned children may not exhibit any outward symptoms of illness, or symptoms may be so vague as to be mistaken for any number of minor childhood maladies • For this reason, screening young children for lead poisoning is CRITICAL in avoiding irreversible brain damage Few or no symptoms

15. In May 2012, the CDC revised the lead reference level, cutting in half the blood lead level at which case management is indicated (from the previous 10 µg/dL to 5 µg/dL) Lead screening

16. Current CDC guidelines call for lead screenings at 12 and 24 months of age • Screenings are accomplished via blood from a finger (or heel) prick; elevated levels are confirmed with blood from a vein in the arm Lead screenings

17. Lead may leach into WATER if a home contains: • Lead plumbing (unlikely) • Copper plumbing joined with lead solder • Brass fixtures or faucets • Lead may leach into foods or liquids if served in leaded crystal • What about infant formula reconstituted with water? Other sources of lead in the home Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010, pp. 97

18. Beware of inexpensive, imported items you may bring into the home: • Ceramic (lead in paint/glaze) • Plastic/vinyl (lead used for stability) • Children’s toys and jewelry • Items recalled due to lead content can be found on the Consumer Product Safety Commission website at: http://www.cpsc.gov Lead in consumer goods

19. Professionals can test paint, household products, and water for the presence of lead. • Lead-Based Paint Inspection will reveal whether or not a home contains lead-based paint, and, if so, where • Lead Risk Assessment will reveal whether or not lead hazards currently exist in home’s paint, dust, or soil Testing for lead

20. Paint-chip analysis: • Tests for presence of lead on walls or surfaces • Requires removal of all paint layers, with samples sent to laboratory for determination • X-ray fluorescence: • Can be used on walls, furniture, toys, or other objects • Certified technicians can perform testing in the home with a portable unit or in their own laboratory • Laboratory testing: • Testing for objects only • Dissolving agent used on item’s surface to test for and weigh lead content WAIT! What about those little lead test kits that are sold in stores? Paint and product testing

21. Contact a certified laboratory for testing of tap water • The test company should provide you with sample containers and comprehensive instructions • Follow instructions exactly, and send the sample to the laboratory for analysis • Consider a filtration system for high lead levels • EPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline: 1-800-426-4791 Water testing

22. If a home was built before 1978: • Consider testing the house and property for lead • Maintain strict cleanliness standards, wet mopping floors and damp cleaning windowsills and other surfaces with soap and warm water at least weekly • Wash children’s hands and toys thoroughly and often • Use COLD water for drinking and cooking • Be certain to have children tested for lead Lead poisoning preventionstrategies Source: (US Environmental Protection Agency, n.d.)

23. Hiring a professional: • The 2010 RRP (Renovation, Repair, and Painting) legislation demands that all professionals hired for remodeling work in homes or child-occupied facilities constructed prior to 1978 receive training and certification in lead-safe work practices • When hiring a contractor, be certain to verify that the firm is certified Renovation and remodeling

24. Personal protection Disposable clothing/protective equipment is crucial. All items should be placed in a plastic bag and discarded after use. • Coveralls • Painter hat • Shoe covers • Gloves • N-100 respirator • Goggles The basics for homeowners

25. Keep dust in and everyone but the worker(s) out! • Remove all furnishings • Turn off forced-air heat or air conditioning • Cover the door, floor or carpeting, and all duct openings with 6 mil plastic sheeting secured by tape • Avoid dry scraping or sanding; instead, use wet sanders and mist surfaces • Use only low-temperature (1,000 degree or less) heat guns • Score painted surfaces with a utility knife before cutting/separating • Pry and pull apart, rather than hammering or pounding Containment and dust minimization

26. Careful, thorough cleaning upon project completion is imperative! • Mist all plastic sheeting and fold (dirty side inward). • Seal in sturdy plastic bags for disposal • Damp clean ALL surfaces, working from top to bottom • Vacuum walls and floors with a HEPA vacuum • Mop floors • Clean all tools before removing from the home End-of-Project CLEANING

27. A man’s home is hiscastle, and where shall a man be safe if it be not in his own house? Edward Coke (1844)

28. Lead enters a human’s bloodstream via and. • Lead poisoning is particularly problematic for children aged six and under because it affects their. • Children should be routinely tested for lead poisoning at 12 and months of age. • Lead was banned for use in paint in U.S. homes in . • Identify one area of the home that is particularly vulnerable to lead paint deterioration. • The RRP Rule addresses work practices. Lesson Review QUIZ

29. Some lead resources

30. Let’s reflect: ApplicationList actions that can be taken to reduce lead hazards in the home.

31. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010). Guidelines for the identification and management of lead exposure in pregnant and lactating women. Washington, DC: Author. • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Lead. Retrieved July, 2015, from http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/ • Development, U. D. o. H. a. U. (n.d.). Office of lead hazard control and healthy homes. Retrieved July, 2015, from http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/healthy_homes • US Environmental Protection Agency. (2011a). The lead-safe certified guide to renovate right. Retrieved July, 2015, from http://www2.epa.gov/sites/production/files/documents/renovaterightbrochure.pdf • US Environmental Protection Agency. (2011b). Steps to lead-safe renovation, repair and painting. Retrieved July, 2015, from http://www2.epa.gov/sites/production/files/documents/renovaterightbrochure.pdf • US Environmental Protection Agency. (2013). Protect your family from lead in your home. Retrieved July, 2015, from http://www2.epa.gov/sites/production/files/documents/renovaterightbrochure.pdf • US Environmental Protection Agency. (2015). Lead. Retrieved July, 2015, from http://www2.epa.gov/lead • US Environmental Protection Agency. (n.d.). Protect your family. Retrieved July, 2015, from http://www2.epa.gov/lead/protect-your-family - test References

32. Thank you! Healthy Home SolutionsLesson 7: Lead in Your Home Questions? Comments?