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  1. 12. Natural SelectionNatural selection is the the result of “survival of the fittest.” “Fittest” actually has little to do with physical or mental fitness and completely to do with fitting into an environment. Organisms that are more “fit” survive, reproduce, and perpetuate the genes that made them survive in the first place. Those organisms that are not “fit” die, along with the traits that were no help to them.

  2. http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/E/Evolution.htmlhttp://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/E/Evolution.html

  3. http://www.medicaltourismmag.com/article/antibiotic-resistant-superbugs-a-rising-threat-for-medical-tourists.htmlhttp://www.medicaltourismmag.com/article/antibiotic-resistant-superbugs-a-rising-threat-for-medical-tourists.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotic_resistance

  4. Genetic Variation within a Population http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/agriculture_04

  5. http://bioap.wikispaces.com/Ch22+Collaboration+2011

  6. What Darwin expected to find in the fossil record. Haeckel's Paleontological Tree of Vertebrates (c. 1879). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Age-of-Man-wiki.jpg

  7. http://echinoblog.blogspot.com/2011/10/starfish-are-mystery-ask-echinoblog.htmlhttp://echinoblog.blogspot.com/2011/10/starfish-are-mystery-ask-echinoblog.html

  8. Descent with Modification http://bioap.wikispaces.com/Ch22+Collaboration+2011

  9. http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/0_0_0/evo_11http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/0_0_0/evo_11

  10. The earliest horseshoe crab fossils are found in strata from the late Ordovician period, roughly 450million years ago. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horseshoe_crab

  11. 1. Dragonflies are living fossils, having remained unchanged for over 300 million years. The fossil at the right is from the Pennsylvanian Period and is at least 300 million years old. http://www.hinesdragonfly.org/new_page_2.htm

  12. The coelacanths, which are related to lungfishes and tetrapods, were believed to have been extinct since the end of the Cretaceous period.

  13. Bullhead sharks are a small order (Heterodontiformes). From Jurassic time period to present. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullhead_shark

  14. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v402/n6757/fig_tab/402021a0_F1.htmlhttp://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v402/n6757/fig_tab/402021a0_F1.html

  15. http://carbonpilgrim.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/on-the-trail-of-primitive-life_cambrian_explosion.jpghttp://carbonpilgrim.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/on-the-trail-of-primitive-life_cambrian_explosion.jpg

  16. Descent with Modification http://bioap.wikispaces.com/Ch22+Collaboration+2011

  17. Human Ancestry

  18. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/hobbit/tree-nf.html

  19. About the Pace of Evolution Phyletic gradualism—slow steady divergence of lineages:

  20. Punctuated equilibrium—a large amount of change in a short time tied to a speciation event: Macromutation—a big mutation produces sudden evolutionary change skipping over transitional forms:

  21. http://www.bio.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/Bio301M/originsp.htmlhttp://www.bio.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/Bio301M/originsp.html

  22. http://www.zo.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/images/24.17.gif

  23. http://designmatrix.wordpress.com/2011/07/29/evolutionary-thought-experiment/http://designmatrix.wordpress.com/2011/07/29/evolutionary-thought-experiment/

  24. http://theboxmove.weebly.com/biology.html

  25. Evolution of Plants. Appeared in a special Scientific American issue devoted to the evolution of life (ed. note: need to find citation). This Evolutionary systematics spindle diagram plots generic diversity (width) against time (vertical axis). In contrast to cladistics, the tree is rooted in ancestral groups and paraphyletic taxa. Angiosperms are related forms are shown in turquoise, gymnosperms in darker blue. http://palaeos.com/glossary.html#rank

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