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Inside 220 kV Substation at Ablowal: Key Components and Operations

Explore the inner workings of a 220 kV substation at Ablowal, covering cables, power transformers, circuit breakers, lightning arresters, isolators, capacitor banks, earthing, and wave traps. Learn about SCADA systems for efficient monitoring and control.

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Inside 220 kV Substation at Ablowal: Key Components and Operations

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  1. SWITCHGEAR(220 kV Sub-station, Ablowal) (Patiala)By: SunpreetKaur(Lecturer,EEdeptt)

  2. Overview • Key diagram of 220 KV Sub station, Ablowal • Cables • Power transformer • Lightening arrester • Circuit breaker • Isolator • Capacitor banks • Earthing • Wave trap

  3. Key diagram of 220 kV Sub-station, Ablowal

  4. Cables

  5. Power transformer • Principle of Operation:Mutual inductance • Losses in Transformer 1. Copper loss 2. Core loss Hysteresis loss Eddy current loss

  6. Power transformer 220/66kV at Ablowal

  7. Specification of the power transformer Manufactured by ABB Voltage Ratio- 220/66 kV Class OF/AF Transformer Rating- 50-75-100 MVA

  8. Lightening Arrester (Thyrite type) Thyrite type lightening arrester consists of: • Series spark gap • Non-linear resistor disc in series (These discs are of 15 cm diameter and 19 mm thickness)

  9. Lightening Arrester installed at each phase at 220 kV Sub station, Ablowal

  10. Circuit breaker Vacuum circuit breaker Arc quenching medium- Vacuum Voltage range- 3.3-33kV Breaking capacity- 250-2000MVA SF6 Circuit breaker Arc quenching medium-SF6 gas at 5 kg/cm2 pressure Voltage range- 3.3-765kV Breaking capacity- 1000-50,000 MVA

  11. ISOLATOR • Isolators are employed only for isolating circuit when the current has already been interrupted. • They operate under no load conditions and are employed on both the sides of the circuit breaker. • Isolator consists of insulator posts mounted on a support. • There are fixed and moving contacts each made of aluminium.

  12. Capacitor bank

  13. EARTHING:In sub-station it is necessary to make provision for earthing of neutral points, frames of all equipments and other metal works. Earthing can be divided into two parts: Equipment earthing: Equipment earthing deals with earthing of non-current carrying parts of the equipment to ensure safety of personnel and protection against lightening. Neutral earthing: Neutral earthing deals with the earthing of the system neutral to ensure system security and protection.

  14. Earthing at 220 Kv Sub station, Ablowal The earthing system consists of an array of conductors buried horizontally at the depth of 0.5 m. such earthing is called an earthing grid or earth mat. The main steps in the design of the earthing grid are as under: 1. Selection of material and size of the conductor of the grid. 2. Arrangement of the grid conductors. 3. Connection to the grid.

  15. WAVE TRAP It is the effort to utilize the same transmission line between two substations for the purpose of communication. It does the trapping of high frequency communication signals. It is relevant in PLCC system for communication among various sub stations. The wave trap offers high impedance to the high frequency communication signals.

  16. Wave trap installed at 220 kV Sub-station, Ablowal

  17. SCADA system

  18. SLDC (State Load Dispatch Center) • To ensure integrated operation of the power system in the state • Monitoring and control of system parameters. • SLDC keep accounts of the quantity of power transmitted through state grid. • Exercising supervision and control over the intra-state transmission system. • Analysis of tripping/disturbances and facilitating immediate remedial measures.

  19. SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System) Objectives of SCADA system are: • To get real time data from remote locations. • To monitor supply during wide voltage and frequency fluctuations. • To control power load from generating stations and other sub stations. • To monitor PSTCL share in centrally owned power projects.

  20. Components of SCADA system • Transducers • PT and CT • RTU • MODEM • PLCC • LAN • Main Server • Wave trap

  21. Types of Displays • Oneline Display • Tabular Display

  22. Oneline Display

  23. Tabular Displays

  24. Historical Data Recording

  25. Utilities used by SCADA system • Tagging • Trending • Alarm

  26. Tagging

  27. Trending The purpose of trending is to reconstruct the post status of SCADA data. GRAPHICAL DISPLAY of DATA. • One should select the point for trending and define sampling rate and scale values. • It shows us how the different parameters behave in the system.

  28. Thank you!!

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