ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ НАНОТЕХНОЛОГИИ

1. ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕОСНОВЫНАНОТЕХНОЛОГИИФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕОСНОВЫНАНОТЕХНОЛОГИИ Профессор Н.Г. Рамбиди

2. 14. Национальная нанотехнологическая инициатива СШАи ее международные следствия

4. NSF – National Science FoundationNEC – National Economic CommissionDOD – Department of DefenseDOC – Department of CommerceDOE – Department of EnergyDOT – US Department of TransportationDoTREAS – Department of TreasuryOSTP – Office of Science and Technology PolicyNSTC – National Science and Technology CouncilOMB – Office of Management and BudgetNASA – National Aeronautic and Space AdministrationNIH – National Institute of Health ННИ : организации соучредители

5. Структура ННИ

6. The essence of nanotechnology is the ability to work at the molecular level, atom by atom, to create large structures with fundamentally new molecular organization …Nanotechnology is concerned with materials and systems whose structures and components exhibit novel and significantly improved physical, chemical, and biological properties, phenomena, and processes due to their nanoscale size. The aim is to exploit these properties by gaining control of structures and devices at atomic, molecular, and supramolecular levels and to learn to efficiently manufacture and use these devices. Maintaining the stability of interfaces, and the integration of these "nanostructures" at the micron-length scale and macroscopic scale is another objective.

7. ННИ – основные направления

8. Нанотехнология: финансирование до 2000 г

9. ННИ: финансирование 2001 г

10. ННИ: финансирование 2001г

11. Некоторые результаты

12. Опреснение морской воды

13. Молекулярная оперативная память

14. Наноструктурированные катализаторы

15. Наночастицы доставляют лекарство

16. Полимеры с дисперснымнаполнителем

17. ДНК диагностика

18. Нанотехнология и энергетика

19. BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES -- Serving the Present, Shaping the Future Nanoscience Activities in Basic Energy Sciences • D.D. Koelling • Basic Energy SciencesMay 15, 2002 <With special thanks to Walter J. Stevens>

20. NNI FY 2003 Funding RequestsDOE is one of the three lead agencies National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI Coordination Office compilation, as of 1/18/02) FY 2003 (Dollars in millions) 221.0 NSF 201.0 DOD 133.0 DOE All other agencies 117.4 TOTAL NNI 678.7 *Excludes funding for synchrotron light source and neutron scattering facility operations and beamlines. * + up to $15M in FY 02

21. National Nanotechnology Initiative Focus Areas • Long-term, fundamental nanoscience and engineering research • FY 2001: BES awarded $26.5M in new NNI funds based on peer review -- 76 university grants ($16.1M) and 12 laboratory awards ($10.4M) • FY 2002: BES may award up to $15M based on peer review 340 university proposals + 37 national lab proposals under review • FY 2003 (Request) BES $93M for research + $35M for construction and PED (including ~$3.0M for Theory and Modeling in Nanoscience) ASCR $4M (including $3.0M for support of Theory and Modeling in Nanoscience) • FY 2004: … • Centers and networks of excellence • BES Nanoscale Science Research Centers – the DOE “flagship” NNI activity • Research infrastructure • BES supports the synchrotron light sources, neutron scattering facilities, and other specialized facilities in support of nanoscale science

22. Some Interesting Challenges • Nanoparticles contain between hundreds and billions of atoms. Molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo atomic studies can deal with billions of atoms. Density Functional Theory can deal with the electrons of up to a thousand atoms. Quantum Monte Carlo calculations can deal with the electrons more closely correlating their motions up to ~150 atoms. Quantum Chemical calculations describe that correlated motion for smaller numbers of atoms (50?) • Nanoparticles contain “countable” numbers of atoms. We probably will do the atomistic calculations. We also will use the larger scale descriptions --- but now we can benchmark them! • Nanoparticles are dynamic entities --- here is where the community will have to confront the limitations of different time scales.

23. Some Computational Issues A workshop has been recently held (most slides were stolen from there) and a report will be out shortly. Some items that mix my own thoughts with those discussed there ---- • Eigensystems and Linear Algebra for very large N O(N) approaches Sparse • Fast Algorithms (FFT, FMM, • • • • ) - Fast Poisson Solver • Optimization • Changing Time and Length Scales • Data Visualization/Mining

24. Nanoscale Science Research Centers (NSRCs) • NSRCs: • Research facilities for synthesis, processing, and fabrication of nanoscale materials • Co-located with existing user facilities (synchrotron radiation light sources, neutron scattering facilities, other specialized facilities) to provide characterization and analysis capabilities • Operated as user facilities; available to all researchers; access determined by peer review of proposals • Provide specialized equipment and support staff not readily available to the research community • Conceived with broad input from university and industry user communities to define equipment scope • NSRCs have been extensively reviewed by external peers and by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee

25. Electron Microscopy Center for Materials Research Advanced Photon Source Materials Preparation Center Center for Microanalysis of Materials Advanced Light Source Intense Pulsed Neutron Source National Center for Electron Microscopy National Synchrotron Light Source Molecular Foundry Spallation Neutron Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lab Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Linac Coherent Light Source Surface Modification & Characterization Center Combustion Research Facility Los Alamos Neutron Science Center Shared Research Equipment Program High-Flux Isotope Reactor Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies James R. MacDonald Lab Pulse Radiolysis Facility Under construction In design/engineering In design/engineering NSRCs ( ) and the BES User Facilities

26. 21st Century Challenge Combine nanoscale building blocks to make functional devices, e.g., a photosynthetic reaction center with integral semiconductor storage The Molecular FoundryLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Unique tools and capabilities: • Advanced Light Source • National Center for Electron Microscopy • National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center • Nationally unique facilities, such as thee-beam nanowriter – nanofabrication facility • Outstanding faculty and students in multidisciplinary research, including materials science • physics • chemistry • biochemistry • biomolecular materials • engineering Scientific focus areas: • Combination of “soft” and “hard” materials/building units • Multicomponent functional assemblies

27. ННИ: перспективы

29. ННИ: финансирование 2005 г

30. Нанотехнология и Министерство обороны США

34. Нанотехнология и ВМФ США

38. Нанаотехнология и космические исследования

45. Международная активность

47. Европейская активность

48. FP6 NanoMatPro (NMP)The new Work Programme 2004- 2nd Call opportunities Nanotechnologies and nanosciences, knowledge-based multifunctional materials, and new production processes and devices - NMP Nicholas HartleyDG Research, Unit G-1 “Policy Aspects”

49. FP6: Budget 2002 – 2006 (excluding Euratom) Focusing and Integrating ERA 13345 • Pr 1 genomics and biotech for health 2255 • Pr 2 information society technologies 3625 • Pr 3nanotech, intelligent mat, production 1300 • Pr 4 aeronautics and space 1075 • Pr 5 food safety and health risks 685 • Pr 6 sustainable dev & global change 2120 • Pr 7 citizens and governance 225 • Pr 8 anticipating needs (INCO, CRAFT, JRC, etc)2080 Structuring the ERA2605 research & innovation, human resources, infrastructures, science & society Strengthening the Foundations of ERA320 coordination of activities, development of policies TOTAL (Millions €) 16270

50. Thematic Priority 3concentrates on: • i) Nanotechnology, as a flagship of the next industrial revolution • ii) Multi-functional knowledge-based Materials, as critical drivers of innovation iii) New Production processes and devices, as the key to sustainable development