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Refraction and Its Uses

Done by: Liau Yuan Wei (3A317). Refraction and Its Uses. Content. Refracting telescope Light microscope Spectacles Cameras Binoculars. Refracting Telescope. Origin. A picture of Zacharias Janssen. Refractors were the earliest type of optical telescope.

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Refraction and Its Uses

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  1. Done by: Liau Yuan Wei (3A317) Refraction and Its Uses Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  2. Content • Refracting telescope • Light microscope • Spectacles • Cameras • Binoculars Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  3. Refracting Telescope Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  4. Origin A picture of Zacharias Janssen. • Refractors were the earliest type of optical telescope. • It emerged in 1608 in Europe, and 3 people were credited • They were Zacharias Janssen, Hans Lippershey and Jacob Adriaanszoon. Both images taken from: http://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/200403/history.cfm A painting of Hans Lippershey. Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  5. Origin cont. • Galileo Galilei learned about the discovery in Venice. • He created and modified it to a better version to see the moons & planets. • He presented his version to the public, which was pleased with it. Image taken from: http://perraj.wordpress.com/2009/05/ Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  6. A Picture of Refracting Telescope Eye Objective lens Focal point Eyepiece Image Image taken from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kepschem.png Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  7. Description • 1 and 2 are used to gather more light than the human eye, focus it on 5, and present the viewer with a brighter, clearer, and magnified virtual image. • The objective lens refracts light.This refraction causes parallel light rays to converge at a focal point. Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  8. Because the image is formed by the bending of light, or refraction, these telescopes are called refracting telescopes Image taken from: http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162/lect/light/refracting.html This clearly show the difference between a reflecting & refracting telescope. Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  9. Image taken from: http://visual.merriam-webster.com/astronomy/astronomical-observation/refracting-telescope/refracting-telescope.php A picture of parts of the telescope. Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  10. Image taken from: http://www.antonine-education.co.uk/Physics_A2/options/Module_5A/Topic_1/topic_1_lenses_and__refracting_t.htm A picture describing how light moves in a refracting telescope. Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  11. Light Microscope Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  12. Origin • Came from the discovery of lenses. • In 1590, Zaccharias Janssen and his son Hans, created the microscope while experimenting with lenses in a tube. • In 1609, Galileo, heard of it, and made a better instrument with a focusing device. Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  13. Origin cont. • Anton van Leeuwenhoek taught himself new methods for polishing tiny lenses of great curvature which gave magnifications up to 270 diameters. • This led to the creation of microscope and his biological discoveries. Image taken from: http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Anton_van_Leeuwenhoek Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  14. A picture of Refraction in Light Microscope Here, refraction occur. Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  15. Image taken from: http://homepages.gac.edu/~cellab/chpts/chpt1/figure1-3.html Yet another picture showing refraction. Refraction occurs here. Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  16. A Complex Image of the Optical Path Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  17. Description • The objective lens is a lens with a very short focal length. • This is brought very close to the specimen being examined so that the light from the specimen comes to a focus. • This creates an enlarged image of the subject. Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  18. The image is formed by the bending of light, or refraction, at the point where light bends to meet each other to form the image using lens. Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  19. Image taken from:http://crescentok.com/staff/jaskew/ISR/equip/equip4.htm A picture showing the parts of a light microscope. Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  20. Spectacles Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  21. Origin • There are many claims to whom it was first invented, but they generally agreed that it was from 1200-1499. • At 1500-1899, the first significant advance in frame design occurred with lenses fixed to a rigid bridge, allowing them to stay in place. Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  22. A Simple Diagram of Spectacles Spectacle Lens Image here is clearer and sharper. Eye (Not shown) Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  23. Description • When light shine into the eye, the spectacle lens refracts the light inwards to meet at the back of the eye, giving a clearer and sharper view. • Without it, users would see images blurred as the image do not meet at the back of the eye. Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  24. The image is formed by the bending of light, or refraction, at the point where light bends to meet each other to form the image using lens on the spectacles. Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  25. Cameras Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  26. Origin • The first photograph was taken in 1814 by Nicéphore Niépce using a sliding wooden box camera in Paris. • Cameras were a development of the camera obscura, which uses a pinhole to project an image outside upside-down. Taken from: http://www.boxcameras.com/telepococam.html Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  27. A diagram of the camera lens Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  28. Taken from: http://www.mir.com.my/rb/photography/hardwares/classics/nikonf3/f3a.htm This shows the path of light in a camera. Notice the light refracts when it enters the camera. Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  29. Taken from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_lens Distinct reflections are visible from the surfaces of different lens elements. Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  30. Description • When a ray of light passes from a less dense to a more dense medium , it slows down. • If it strikes the glass surface at an angle, it is also bent a little, and this is called refraction. • This makes it possible to design a curved piece of glass that will focus a parallel beam of light to a point. Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  31. Description • A photographic lens is an optical lens used in cameras. • They can be thought of as modified pinhole lenses. • They are normally made of four bits of glass. • Chromatic aberration and spherical aberration occur in a one-piece lens. Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  32. Binoculars Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  33. Origin Taken from: http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/porro.html • Came from invention of telescope. • Galileo got the idea of mounting two of them together and adapted an earlier design to create a magnifying effect. • In the mid-1850s, Ignazio Porro patented a design using two prisms constructed in a Z shape for the image to be better magnified, but has depth. Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  34. A Diagram of Binoculars Light is refracted here. Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  35. Taken from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binoculars This shows the path of light in a binoculars. Notice light is refracted when it enters it through the lens. A typical Porro prism binoculars design. Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  36. Taken from: http://www.nightskyinfo.com/binoculars This shows the optical path of light inside a binoculars. A typical roof-prism binoculars. Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  37. Description • When light enters it, it is refracted by the objective lens. • It then travels and gets total internally reflected by two prisms. • This enables the image to turn it upside down as when light from a distant object pass through a convex lens, they cross over. Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  38. Description • This turns the upside-down image previously upright for the eye. • Light then travels to the eyepiece lens, again getting refracted into the eye. • The 2 lens help to magnify the image too. Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  39. References • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refracting_telescope • http://telescope-for-u.blogspot.com/2007/03/history-and-invention-of-refracting.html • http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162/lect/light/refracting.html • http://inventors.about.com/od/mstartinventions/a/microscope.htm Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  40. References • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_Microscope • http://www.aaofoundation.org/what/heritage/exhibits/online/spectacles/ • http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_does_a_camera_lens_work • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binoculars • http://www.4u-binoculars.com/how-binoculars-work.html Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

  41. References • http://www.binocularsinformation.com/history-of-binoculars/ Done by: Liau Yuan Wei

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