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Unveiling Cellular Respiration: A Guide to Generating ATP Energy

Discover the process of cell respiration, including glycolysis, fermentation, Krebs Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain that results in the creation of ATP energy. Learn about the stages, equations, and key concepts of cellular respiration.

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Unveiling Cellular Respiration: A Guide to Generating ATP Energy

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  1. CELL RESPIRATION Chapter 9Pages 221-225

  2. I. Chemical Energy & Food A. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. • Our body converts the stored energy in glucose to usable energy called ATP II. Overview of Cell Respiration A. Definition: - Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose, or other organic molecules, in the presence of oxygen.

  3. Example: There is too much energy stored in glucose, so its broken down slowly in order not to lose any energy. This energy is stored in ATP. B. What is Energy? - The ability to do work. C. ATP is a nucleotide. 1. Consists of 3 phosphate groups, the sugar ribose, and the nitrogen base adenine.

  4. 2. The energy in ATP is stored between the bonds of its phosphate groups. 3. When a -P group is added to another molecule, it will have enough energy to react with other molecules.

  5. Calories • One gram of glucose releases 3811 calories of heat when burned. • What is a calorie? • The amount of energy needed to raise 1 gram of H2O 1°C. • The Calorie that is used on food labels is 1 kilocalorie or 1000 calories

  6. B. Overall Equation 6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + “Energy(ATP)” III. Stages of Cellular Respiration A. Glycolysis 1. Process where one molecule of glucose is broken in half, making two molecules of Pyruvate (3-Carbon Molecule). 2. Takes place in the cytoplasm. 3. 2 ATPs needed to start reaction. (Activation Energy)

  7. 4. 4 ATPs and 2 NADH are produced. - These two molecules will drive further reactions. 5. Oxygen is NOT NEEDED for this step.

  8. Glycolysis Animation

  9. Glycolysis review activity • Draw a flow chart of the process of glycolysis. Include the following words in the flowchart: • Glucose • Pyruvate • NAD+ • NADH • ATP • ADP

  10. What about when oxygen is NOT present? B. Alcoholic Fermentation Pyruvic Acid + NADH  Alcohol + CO2 + NAD+ - Used by yeast and other microorganisms. - This process causes bread dough to rise. Do you know why????

  11. C. Lactic Acid Fermentation Pyruvic Acid + NADH  Lactic Acid + NAD+ -The production of Lactic acid produces a painful,burning sensation in muscles. When do you think this happens? - Prokaryotes that undergo Lactic Acid Fermentation are used to produce some beverages, cheese, yogurt, buttermilk and sour cream.

  12. What about if oxygen “IS” present? D. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) - An aerobic reaction (Oxygen is needed). - Takes place within the mitochondria. - The Mitochondria has two parts: 1. Cristae (Inner Membrane) 2. Matrix (Liquid portion inside inner membrane)

  13. - Named after Hans Krebs (British Biochemist) - Occurs within the MATRIX. What Happens Here? - Pyruvic acid is first converted into Acetyl CoA. - Acetyl CoA then enters the Krebs Cycle and is broken down over the course of several reactions. - As Acetyl CoA is broken down, CO2 is released as a byproduct. * This is what we exhale!

  14. - In this cycle, two electron carriers are used: 1. NAD+ NADH 2. FAD  FADH2 - These two electrons carriers will be used to make ATP in the last step of aerobic respiration.

  15. krebs cycle animation

  16. Sum of the Krebs Cycle: 1 Molecule of Glucose Produces = 8 NADH 2 FADH2 2 ATP * NADH and FADH2 will be used to create ATP during the Electron Transport Chain (ETC).

  17. Electron Transport Chain (ETC) - Uses high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP. - Occurs along the inner membrane of the mitochondria. - The electrons from NADH & FADH2 are passed along a series of proteins. - This movement of electrons pumps H+ ions into the intermembrane space.

  18. - Oxygen is the final electron acceptor!

  19. - The H+ ions will move from high to low concentration through the enzyme ATP Synthase. - This movement causes the enzyme to move like a turbine and bind ADP to P forming ATP. Click for animation!

  20. Totals of Aerobic Respiration * Remember that anaerobic respiration only produces 2 ATPs per glucose. - With aerobic respiration, a total of 36 ATPs are produced per glucose.

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