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Lab Activity #7.1

Lab Activity #7.1. The Heart & Circulation. Most simply stated, the major function of the cardiovascular system is TRANSPORTATION. Substances carried in the blood include…. Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Nutrients Cell wastes Hormones. The Heart. Size of a fist Weighs less than a pound

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Lab Activity #7.1

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  1. Lab Activity #7.1 The Heart & Circulation

  2. Most simply stated, the major function of the cardiovascular system is TRANSPORTATION.

  3. Substances carried in the blood include… • Oxygen • Carbon Dioxide • Nutrients • Cell wastes • Hormones

  4. The Heart • Size of a fist • Weighs less than a pound • Apex directed toward left hip, and rest on diaphragm • Bulk of mass between 2nd and 6th rib • About 2/3 of heart is left of median

  5. Interesting facts… • The heart beats 100,000 times a day • Approximately 35 million times a year • 2.5 billion times during the average life span • Your 6 quarts (1.5 gallons) of blood pumped through your body 1,000 times per day • That’s 6000 quarts (1,500 gallons) of fluid that your heart pumps every day

  6. Pericardium • Double sac of serous membrane around the heart • Visceral pericardium (epicardium) • Next to heart • Actually part of heart wall • Parietal pericardium • Outside layer • Anchors heart to surrounding structure • Serous fluid fills the space between the layers of pericardium; eliminates friction

  7. Heart Wall • Three layers • Epicardium • Outside layer • AKA visceral pericardium • Connective tissue layer

  8. Heart Wall • Three layers • Myocardium • Middle layer • Mostly cardiac muscle • Layer that contracts

  9. Heart Wall • Three layers • Endocardium • Inner layer • Thin sheet of Endothelium (simple squamous membrane)

  10. Four Chambers of the Heart • Atria – on top • Receiving chambers • Atrium is singular! • Auricle is lateral “pouching” of each atrium • Ventricles – on bottom • Discharging chambers • Left ventricle has thickest wall because it pumps blood to rest of body! • Lined with endocardium to help blood flow smoothly through

  11. Heart Supporting Structures • Superior Vena Cava: carries oxygen-poor blood from body to heart (right atrium) • Inferior Vena Cava: carries oxygen-poor blood from body to heart (right atrium)

  12. Heart Supporting Structures • Pulmonary trunk: carries oxygen-poor blood from heart (right ventricle) to pulmonary arteries • Pulmonary arteries: carries oxygen-poor blood from pulmonary trunk to lungs • Only artery to carry O2 poor blood!

  13. Heart Supporting Structures • Pulmonary Veins: carries oxygen-rich blood from lungs to heart (left atrium) • Only vein to carry O2 rich blood! • Aorta: carries oxygen-rich blood from heart (left ventricle) to body • Largest artery in body

  14. The heart does 2 types of circulation… • Pulmonary Circulation • Leaves from right side of heart • Delivers CO2 waste to lungs, and picks up O2 to take back to heart • Returns to left side of heart • Systemic Circulation • Leaves from left side of heart • Delivers O2 and nutrients to body, and picks up CO2 to take back • Returns to right side of heart

  15. The Valves • The heart is equipped with four valves… • Allow blood to flow in only ONE direction through the heart chambers • Have cusps (flaps) that open & close

  16. The Valves • Have CHORDAE TENDINEAE (“heart strings”) which hold the cusps in place • Prevent backflow of blood

  17. Atrioventricular (AV) Valves • Located between the atrial and ventricular chambers • Left AV Valve: • Bicuspid (Mitral) valve • 2 cusps • Right AV Valve: • Tricuspid valve • 3 cusps • OPEN during heart relaxation and CLOSED when ventricles contracting

  18. FYI: Why the special name for the bicuspid valve? • Early anatomists thought that the bicuspid (mitral) valve looked like a bishop’s miter (their funny hat)

  19. Semilunar Valves • Guards the bases of the two large arteries leaving the ventricular chambers • Pulmonary Semilunar Valve (right) • Aortic Semilunar Valve (left) • Both have THREE cusps • CLOSED during heart relaxation and OPEN when ventricles contracting • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXwYYsi6z7Q

  20. Blood Supply to Heart • The blood supply that oxygenates and nourishes the heart itself (myocardium) is provided by the right & left CORONARY ARTERIES, which branch from the base of the AORTA and encircle the heart in the ATRIOVENTRICULAR GROOVE.

  21. Coronary arteries branch off from the base of the aorta • Right Coronary Artery breaks into… • Posterior interventricular (on back side of heart) • Marginal • Left Coronary Artery breaks into… • Anterior interventricular • Circumflex

  22. Blood Supply to Heart • The heart (myocardium) is drained by several CARDIAC VEINS, which empty into the CORONARY SINUS, which in turn, empties into the RIGHT ATRIUM.

  23. Cardiac Veins include… • Great cardiac vein • Anterior cardiac vein • Small cardiac vein • Middle cardiac vein (on posterior side of heart)

  24. Labeling The Heart • A: Aortic Arch (Aorta) • B: Superior Vena Cava • C: (Right) Pulmonary Veins • D: Right Atrium • E: Tricuspid Valve • AB: Right Ventricle • AC: Inferior Vena Cava

  25. Labeling The Heart • AD: (Left) Pulmonary Artery • AE: Left Atrium • BC: Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve • BD: Aortic Semilunar Valve • BE: Left Ventricle • CD: Aorta

  26. Labeling The Heart • Let’s Also Label… • Pulmonary Trunk • Pulmonary Semilunar Valve • Septum • Apex

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