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Norwegian Correctional Service: Rehabilitation for a Safer Society

This report explores the Norwegian correctional service's policies and implementation of rehabilitation measures to reduce crime and create a safer society. It includes information on the organizational hierarchy, principles, import of services, living conditions, progression towards release, reducing the use of prison, and staff training.

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Norwegian Correctional Service: Rehabilitation for a Safer Society

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  1. The Norwegian correctional service documents • Legislation • executionofsentence act 2002 • Policy • «Punishmentthatworks – less crime - a safer society» • Report to the Storting on Norwegian correctional services 2008

  2. The Norwegian correctional service organisational hierarchy Ministry of Justice and Public Security Department of Correctional services Central level Directorate of Norwegian Correctional Service 5 Regional offices Regional level Local level 44 Prisons + Netherlands 4092 places 17 Probation Offices

  3. Prison Numbers Average daily number of prisoners and prison – population rate in some countries N Rate USA 2 145 100 666 Russian Fed.626 177433 England & Wales85 442146 Bulgaria 9 028 125 Norway 3 874 74 Source: ICPS World Prison Brief, 2016 Facts and figures

  4. Rehabilitation in legislation Art. 4 in the Act on the Execution of Sentences: “The Correctional Services shall by engaging in cooperation with other public services arrange for convicted persons and persons in custody on remand to receive the services to which they are statutorily entitled. Such cooperation shall lead to a coordinated effort to supply the needs of convicted persons and persons in custody on remand and to assist them to adjust to society.”

  5. Central principles • Discretionary power in implementation • Principle of normality • Progression towards release • Reduce the use of prison sentence • Import of services • Rehabilitation Policy

  6. Discretionarypower in implementation The punishment is the deprivation of liberty Principle of normality A life as normal as possible Security: enough is enough Security regime - no stricter than necessary Necessary level of security - High vs. low security • Reduce harmfull effects of loss of liberty Policy

  7. A safer community High-security prison is necessary for some • Better rehabilitation is necessary for all • Punishment must come quickly Policy

  8. Principle of normality • Loss of freedom is the punishment, have access to all other rights as citizens • Prison as training arena for mastery of life skills • Give inmates influence related to important decisions in their own lifes • living as close as possible to reality under guidance and training • work training • paying bills, buying food • residential training • participation in large-scale meetings and conflict mediation Policy

  9. Import of services • Medical, educational, employment, clerical and library services are provided from outside • Prisons do not have theirown staff related to f.ex. medical service and education • These services have theirownorganizationalstructure, butareincorporated in the prisons • Local and municipal service-providersdeliver services for reintegration • bettercontinuity • more and better cross-connections • in theirbudgets • the services are part of therights of anyinhabitant in Norway Policy

  10. Inmate’s living conditions Addiction Low education Unemployment Homelessness Below povertyline 60 % 40 % 80 % 65 % 40 % Policy

  11. Reintegration/rehabilitation – individual approach • Focus on various aspects of rehabilitation work • Special groups of inmates need different rehabilitation measures • Current issues are health, housing, education, employment, reestablishment of relations and motivation for living a life without crime • Suitable content of reintegrative measures • Individual approach according to needs Policy

  12. Progression towards releasethe seemless penal system • Better progression in the penal implementation makes for better rehabilitation • Progression through a sentence • High security prisons • Lower security prisons • Halfway houses • Probation offices Policy

  13. Reduce the use of prison • Use of alternative measures to prison • community service and split sentences • detox programmes under court control (drug-court) • home detention (no EM) • electronic monitoring • serving in a treatment institution Policy

  14. Public accept R E T R I B U T I O N G E N E R A L P R E V E N T I O N S P E C I A L P R E V E N T I O N I N C A P A C I T A T I O N R E H A B I L I T A T I O N Rehabilitation Retribution General prevention Incapacitation Special prevention

  15. Staff Ca. 3,600 fte working in prisons Ca. 350 fte working in probation Ca. 440 fte in Staff Academy and ICT-service Staff

  16. Prison officer training • Two-year education at academic level • Static and dynamic security work • Psychology, sociology, criminology, law, social work, moral philosophy, re-integration work • Conflict management, ethics and human rights, multicultural understanding Post-training courses in various working methods and programmes Salary during education www.krus.no Staff

  17. Recidivism Source: ”Retur”, Nordic Research Group, 2010

  18. Thank you for your attention! Oyvind.alnaes@kriminalomsorg.no tel. +47 23301501 www.kriminalomsorgen.no

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