Knowledge Transfer @CERN

1. Knowledge Transfer @CERN Manjit DosanjhKnowledge Transfer SKF, Rabat, 11 May 2013

2. Knowledge Sharing • CERN considers knowledge and technology transfer as an integral part of its mission. • CERN technologies have applications in several domains with high relevance to society. • Showing tangible benefits to society from key application domains important to illustrate the impact and role of fundamental research as a driver for innovation. • CERN as an education and training centre • CERN as a catalyser for collaboration

3. The tools of the trade ………. Detectors Accelerators Computing Brain behind the web

4. Accelerator Technologies Base Technologies: LHC Superconductivity (12kA) Cryogenics(1.9 K) Vacuum (10-13 atm) Magnets (8 T)

5. Detector Technologies Challenge: sample the results of up to 600 million proton-proton collisions per second! LHC detectors have sophisticated electronic trigger systems that precisely measure the passage time of a particle to accuracies in the region of a few billionths of a second. The trigger system also registers the location of the particles to millionths of a metre. This is essential for ensuring that the particle recorded in successive layers of a detector is one and the same.

6. Medipix A family of single photon counting integrated circuits used in Hybrid Silicon Pixel Detectors The Medipix collaborations helps with development and dissemination of the technology A good example of how (fundamental) science fosters innovation which can be transferred to society… and back!

7. Langton Ultimate Cosmic ray Intensity Detector uses 5 Timepix chips to monitor the radiation environment in Space CERN@school allows students to use a Timepix chip in the lab to visualise radiation Data from LUCID and CERN@school detectors will be uploaded to the Grid and made available for students to analyse

8. From high vacuum… NEG (Non-Evaporable Getter thin film coatings) Technology used to create and maintain ultra-high vacuum in the accelerator vacuum chambers.

9. … to solar energy! • License and partnership with a start-up company Development of a commercial product able to use diffused or indirect light and reach very high temperatures of up to 300 degrees Development of a prototype production chain

10. Solar panels plant • Civil-engineering company opened a new solar power plant Environmentally friendly "solar field" heats close to 80,000 cubic metres of bitumen to 180 degrees.

11. KT Fund: Funding Innovation • The KT Fund is a small financial catalyst which tries to bridge the gap between CERN and society • Requests from researchers are evaluated for impact • A cheap/sensitive radon detector…… • Teaching tools …… Open Hardware license First Touch-Screen First mouse

12. First Bern Cyclotron Symposium - June 5-6, 2011 CERN Technologies and innovation Combining accelerators, detectors and IT to fight cancer Detecting particles Large-scale computing (Grid) Accelerating particle beams CANCER

13. Cancer is a large and growing challengeNeed: Earlier diagnosis, better control, fewer side-effects Although cancer is a common condition, each tumour is individual • Need personalised approach • Large patients data to understand the key drivers of the disease How? • new technologies • Imaging, dosimetry, accelerator & detector technology • Better understanding – genetics, radiobiology… • Advanced healthcare informatics … • international collaboration • If progress is to be maintained

14. Catalysing collaboration in health field • Challenges: • Bring together physicists, biologists, medical physicists, doctors • Cross-cultural at European and global level • Why is CERN/HEP well placed to do this? • It is widely acknowledged as a provider of technologies and as a catalyst for collaboration. • It is international, non-commercial, not a health facility.

15. Conventional Radiotherapy in 21st Century 3 "Cs" of Radiation Cure (~ 45% cancer cases are cured) Conservative (non-invasive, few side effects) Cheap (~ 5% of total cost of cancer on radiation) (J.P.Gérard) • There is no substitute for RT in the near future • The rate of patients treated with RT is increasing • Present Limitation of RT: • ~30% of patients treatment fails locally (Acta Oncol, Suppl:6-7, 1996)

16. One photon beam 30 80 50

17. 110 110 100 Two opposite photon beams

18. Hadrontherapy: all started in 1946 • In 1946 Robert Wilson: • Protons can be used clinically • Accelerators are available • Maximum radiation dose can be placed into the tumour • Proton therapy provides sparing of normal tissues Conventional: X-Rays Ion Radiation Depth in the body (mm)

19. Proton & Ion Beam Therapy: a short history Proposed by R.R. Wilson MedAustron (Austria) 1st patient at Berkeley by Lawrence CNAO, Pavia (Italy) 1st patient in Europe at Uppsala HIT (carbon), Heidelberg (Germany) 1984 1989 1991 1993 2002 1990 1992 1994 1996-2000 1946 2009 2011 2014 1954 1957 PIMMS PSI, Switzerland Eye tumours, Clatterbridge, UK ENLIGHT 10th year ENLIGHT GSI carbon ion pilot, Germany CPO (Orsay), CAI (Nice), France Loma Linda (clinical setting) USA Boston (commercial centre) USA NIRS, Chiba (carbon ion) Japan

20. Hadron Therapy is Radiation Therapy PATIENT All Multi disciplinary Diagnosis Follow-up Planning Treatment Imaging Mazal 2012  integration & synergy between clinics & R&D

21. 10 years of ENLIGHT Collaboration CERN philosophy into health field Common multidisciplinary platform Identify challenges Share knowledge Share best practices Harmonise data Provide training, education Innovate to improve Lobbying for funding Coordinated by CERN > 150 institutes > 400 people > 25 countries (with >80% of MS involved)

22. A Biomedical Facility @ CERN The LEIR facility could be adaptedto be used for : • basic physics studies • radiobiology • fragmentation of ion beam • dosimetry • test of instrumentation A meeting at CERN in 2012, attended by more that 200 people from >20 countries discussing the need for such a facility More information in the latest issue of“ENLIGHT HIGHLIGHTS” http://indico.cern.ch/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=193910 LEIR

23. Preparing for the Future Objective • Review progress in physics for health • Identify areas for development • Explore synergies • physics and health • Catalysedialogue • doctors, physicists, medical physicists…… Result: First workshop on Physics for Health @CERN in Feb 2010

24. February 27 – March 2, 2012 at CICG, Geneva 2 days devoted to physics, 2 days to medicine, 1 day of overlapping topics Over 700 people registered, nearly 400 Abstracts Chairs: Jacques Bernier (Genolier) and Manjit Dosanjh (CERN) Next ICTR-PHE Conference 10-14 February 2014 Four physics subjects : • Radiobiology in therapy and space • Detectors and medical imaging • Radioisotopes in diagnostics and therapy • Novel technologies http://ictr-phe12.web.cern.ch/ICTR-PHE14 International Conference on Translational Research in Radio-Oncology & Physics for Health in Europe

25. Useful links • http://cern.ch/ULICE • http://cern.ch/ENLIGHT • ENLIGHT/ULICE annual meeting July 2013, MedAustronhttp://indico.cern.ch/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=239829 • Register to join ENLIGHT: https://indico.cern.ch/confRegistrationFormDisplay.py/display? confId=180036 • LEIR Biomedical facility meeting: http://indico.cern.ch/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=193910 • ICTR-PHE 2014http://ictr-phe12.web.cern.ch/ICTR-PHE14

26. Thank you for your attentionmanjit.dosanjh@cern.ch

27. CERN Open Hardware Licence A legal framework to facilitate knowledge exchange across the electronic design community. In the spirit of knowledge and technology dissemination, the CERN OHL was created to govern the use, copying, modification and distribution of hardware design documentation, and the manufacture and distribution of products.