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“Opium was transformed into an international commodity, just like tea and cotton”

“Opium was transformed into an international commodity, just like tea and cotton”. Opium Trade and Conflict. Background. “a godsend and a demon” Sumerians, Egyptians, Greeks used opium for medicinal purposes – painkiller 1500’s transition to recreational use in India and Persia (hookah, pipe)

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“Opium was transformed into an international commodity, just like tea and cotton”

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  1. “Opium was transformed into an international commodity, just like tea and cotton” Opium Trade and Conflict

  2. Background • “a godsend and a demon” • Sumerians, Egyptians, Greeks used opium for medicinal purposes – painkiller • 1500’s transition to recreational use in India and Persia (hookah, pipe) • Dutch, Portuguese first to trade opium to China

  3. Canton (Guangzhou) Trade Britain TRIANGULAR TRADE MANUFACTURED GOODS SILVER China India OPIUM

  4. Canton (Guanghou) Trade In China, part of the Tribute System - foreigners were restricted to one port - Hongs, or merchants, set all prices - 90% of Chinese in port cities addicted (men, ages 16-40) In India, British extend their empire - 1mi. farmers on ½ mi. acres in India owned by Britain - industrial production in “factories” - help pay for administering the British colony in India In Britain, East India Co. had a monopoly on all trade in Asia - favorable balance of trade for Britain - industrial raw materials, silver add to Britain’s wealth

  5. CANTON

  6. Chinese Reactions • 1729 prohibit cultivation • 1799 banned importation (leads to smuggling trade, price increases 6X) • 1800 banned smoking, death to cultivators and importers • 1839 Lin seized opium, burned British opium (“financial disaster”)

  7. Treaties of Nanjing/Wanghea Unequal Treaties Hong Kong ceded to British 5 treaty ports opened to foreigners “most favored nation” status to foreigners Extraterritoriality (Western law used) No Chinese trade monopolies (free trade) China to pay Britain costs of war Diplomatic equality (parity)

  8. Chinese Response 3 R’s Rebellion – Taiping, Boxer Reform – self-strengthening movement, 100 Days of Reform Retrenchment – Empress Zuxi, Marble Boat

  9. Foreign Response 1894-1895 Sino-Japanese War 1904-1905 Russo - Japanese War Spheres of Influence

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