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PRIORITIZE

PRIORITIZE. “We must not sacrifice our future for a momentary pleasure.”. VACCINES and VACCINE PROTOCOLS. Canine and Feline. Vaccination Failures. Vaccines do not produce immunity in 100% of population Should decrease severity

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PRIORITIZE

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  1. PRIORITIZE “We must not sacrifice our future for a momentary pleasure.”

  2. VACCINES and VACCINE PROTOCOLS Canine and Feline

  3. Vaccination Failures • Vaccines do not produce immunity in 100% of population • Should decrease severity • Protection of 70% of population sufficient if communicability is low • In general practice, 1 vaccine break constitutes a failure

  4. When to Modify or Postpone • Illness • Fever • Vaccine reaction from prior vaccine • Medical therapy • Age: In < 5 wks. MLV can cause disease • Pregnancy, whelping, queening • modified-live virus vaccines can lead to birth defects or abortions • Problems • hypertrophic osteodystrophy and juvenile cellulitis - modified-live virus distemper vaccine in Weimaraners • vaccine-associated sarcomas in cats : FeLV and Rabies

  5. MODIFIED LIVE vs. KILLED • MLV • Strong, long-lasting immune response that is achieved with fewer doses • Adjuvants are not as necessary • Quicker immune respones • Less chance of allergic reactions • After it is mixed only effective 1 hour • KILLED (inactivated) • More stable in storage • Unlikely to contain contaminating pathogens • Unlikely to cause disease due to residual disease-causing characteristics • Produce little to no cellular and mucosal immunity NO VACCINE IS 100% EFFECTIVE!

  6. ADJUVANTS Chemicals, microbial components, or mammalian proteins Enhances the immune response to vaccine antigens Aluminum gels/ salts

  7. CORE VACCINE Severity of disease Transmissibility Zoonotic potential Recommended by AAHA (American Animal Health Association)

  8. CORE VACCINESWHAT ARE THEY? • Those vaccines that every puppy should receive; identified by vaccine experts such as the AAHA Canine Task Force • CORE VACCINES FOR CANINES INCLUDE: • Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) • Canine Distemper virus (CDV) • rCDV: Recombinat

  9. CORE VACCINES • Canine Adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2): DAPP/DHPP • CAV-2 protects against both 1 & 2 • CAV-1 causes Infectious Canine Heaptitis • No CAV-1 vaccine because of anterior uveitis • Rabies virus (RV) • Killed vaccine • State/provincial/local laws

  10. VACCINES – GENERAL GUIDELINES • Begin: 6-9 weeks of age • Do not give vaccines earlier than 5-6 weeks *remember maternal antibody interference • Frequency: q 2-4 weeks • May vary according to risk, vaccine • End: at least one dose should be given at age 14-16 weeks of age or older • Revaccination: at 1 year of age or 1 year after the last puppy vaccination

  11. VACCINES-SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS, RABIES VACCINATION • Rabies vaccine is initially given at 12 wks of age • Does not need to be boostered in 2-4 weeks, but rather within 12 months. Each subsequent rabies vaccine should be given q 3yrs. • Rabies vaccine is the only canine vaccine requiring a minimum duration of immunity study and labeled as 1 yr or 3 yr. by the USDA.

  12. VACCINES-DURATION OF IMMUNITY • The minimum duration of immunity for the core vaccines (except rabies) is at least 5-7 yrs. (after initial puppy set of vxns) • based on challenge and/or antibody titers you can even have this done in your own pets to determine his/her immunity level against a particular disease. • Today, a 3 yr revaccination program has been recommended in the AAHA Canine Vaccination Guidelines for dogs and the American Association of Feline Practitioners Guidelines for cats

  13. SO WHY DO WE VACCINATE EVERY YEAR? Following the vaccine label Veterinarians resistant to change Fear that not revaccinating will cause the animal to become susceptible soon after one year. Compliance with boarding kennel rules

  14. VACCINES-NON-CORE • Optional or non-core vaccines should only be given to animals that need them and only as often as needed! • Potential problems: duration of immunity is not known, the efficacy is limited or not known • EX: Leptospirosis, Bordetella, Canine Influenza, Lyme disease, Canine coronavirus, Giardia (AAHA Guidelines do not recommend coronavirus or giardia vaccines unless they can be proven to be beneficial for a certain animal)

  15. VACCINES-NON-CORE • New vaccines: snakebites (Crotalus sp. Toxoid, western diamonback rattlesnake), periodontal disease (porphyromonas sp.), as well as a therapeutic vaccine for treatment of canine melanomas. *VACCINES MUST BE TAILORED TO THE INDIVIDUAL ANIMAL -Older/younger animal vs. adult - bacterial vaccine vs. viral vaccine • Geographic area

  16. VACCINES-GENERAL GUIDELINES IN FELINES Begin: 8-10 weeks of age Frequency: q 2-4 weeks End: last dose at 14-16 weeks of age

  17. CORE VACCINES-FELINE • Feline parvovirus (panleukopenia) • Feline calicivirus • Feline herpes virus (viral rhinotracheitis) • Rabies virus • Given at 12-16 weeks of age • FVRCP

  18. VACCINES-NON-CORE FeLV (feline leukemia) FIV (feline immunodeficiency virus) Chlamydia Feline coronavirus (FIP): Reduce cs but not prevent disease Feline Giardia Bordetella bronchiseptica Feline systemic calicivirus

  19. VACCINE QUESTIONS • May I use smaller vaccine dose in small breeds to reduce the risk of adverse reactions? • NO- the volume (1.0ml) as recommended by the manufacturer generally represents the minimum immunizing dose • This means that a Great Dane should receive the same amount of vaccine as a Chihuahua

  20. VACCINE QUESTIONS • May I vaccinate pregnant pets? • It is best to avoid this. Risk to the fetuses is a concern. Assess risk vs. benefit • Feline parvovirus cerebellar hypoplasia in utero kitten

  21. VACCINE QUESTIONS • May I vaccinate a patient while under anesthesia? • It is best not to do this. The patient may develop a hypersensitivity reaction that may be harder to recognize under anesthesia and may be more difficult to treat. Risk of vomiting and aspiration is higher.

  22. VACCINE QUESTIONS • May I inject a modified live intranasal Bordetella vaccine? • NO- the vaccine can cause a severe local reaction and may even result in death (liver failure) • Intranasal vaccines are effective against respiratory disease, form immunoglobulin A which produces quick local immunity

  23. VACCINE QUESTIONS • May I administer a modified live SQ feline FVRCP oronasally? NO • Upper respiratory infection can result • spilled on the cat's fur, and the cat licks up the spilled vaccine • Clean off the fur with alcohol • use dilute bleach for spills in the environment • contact the manufacturer and begin supportive treatment, if warranted

  24. References http://veterinaryteam.dvm360.com/firstline/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=672508 http://www.sheltermedicine.com/?q=node/58

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