Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC)

1. Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) Steven Davie Tetra Tech Inc.

2. Overview • Introduction to EFDC • History of code and model development • Peer Review and Validation of model • Pre-processing Tools • Post-processing Tools • Simple setup and example • Complex setup and example

3. Introduction to EFDC (1 of 2) • Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code = EFDC • EFDC is a 2-D/3-D orthogonal curvilinear grid hydrodynamic model. • EFDC can solve for the circulation and transport of material in complex environments including, estuaries, coastal embayments, lakes and offshore. • EFDC also provides solutions for salinity, temperature, and conservative tracers with full density feedback to handle stratified conditions.

4. Introduction to EFDC (2 of 2) • EFDC Model Includes Internally Linked • Hydrodynamics • Sediment Transport and Toxic Transport & Fate • Public Domain Model • The EFDC Model Has: • Extensive Application Track Record • Peer Reviewed Publications • Peer Review Panels for Major Applications • EFDC Is Maintained by Tetra Tech with Primary Support from US EPA • EFDC-Hydro Can Be Linked to WASP and CE-QUAL-ICM

5. History of Development • Developed by John Hamrick at Virginia Institute of Marine Science with Primary Support from State of Virginia • VIMS Version (HEM3D) Frozen in 1996 • Tetra Tech, Inc. Has Continued to Develop, Maintain, and Support EFDC Since 1996. • EPA Region 4 has supported revision of the code for only hydrodynamics and sediment transport and the ability to link with the WASP water quality model. • Currently used by Federal, State and Local Agencies, Consultants, and Universities.

6. EFDC Capabilities • Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamics with Coupled Salinity and Temperature Transport • Directly Coupled Toxic Contaminated Sediment Transport and Fate Model • Integrated Near-field Mixing Zone Model • Pre-Processing Software for Grid Generation and Input File Creation • Post-Processing Software for Analysis, Graphic, and Visualization

7. Hydrodynamics (1 of 3) • Three-Dimensional with 2-D and 1-D Options • Boundary Fitted Horizontal Curvilinear- Orthogonal Grid and Sigma (Stretched) Vertical Grid • Conservative, 2nd Order Accurate Finite Difference/Finite Volume Numerics • Highly Efficient Two or Three Time-Level Semi-Implicit Temporal Solution • Includes M-Y Turbulence Closure Model • Dynamically Coupled Salinity and Temperature Transport

8. Hydrodynamics (2 of 3) • MPDATA and COSMIC Advection Schemes • Newtonian Nudging Data Assimilation for Water Surface Elevation and Scalar Transport Variables • Drying and Wetting of Shallow Areas • Wave-Current Boundary Layers and Wave Induced Current via SWAN and RIFDIF Linkages • Hydraulic Control Structures • Vegetation Resistance • 1D Channel Network Option Using HEC Type Cross Sections

9. Hydrodynamics (3 of 3)

10. EFDC Validation (1 of 2) • 14 Years of Use on Over 100 Applications by Numerous Users • Analytic Solutions for • Tidal Propagation • Oscillatory Boundary Layers • Wind Setup Seiche • Sediment Settling • Cohesive Bed Consolidation • Contaminant Partitioning and Diffusion in Bed and Water Column

11. EFDC Validation (2 of 2) • Simulation of Laboratory Experiments • Tidal Propagation • Salinity Intrusion • Velocity Redistribution in Curved Channels • Movable Bed Sediment Transport • Mass and Energy Balances • Field Scale Sediment and PCB Application • Opposing Party Code Review in High Profile Superfund Application • Widely accepted for regulatory purposes: • TMDLs, WLAs and NPDES permitting

12. Selected EFDC Peer Review Publications Hamrick, J. M., and T. S. Wu, 1997: Computational design and optimization of the EFDC/HEM3-D surface water hydrodynamic and eutrophication models. Next Generation Environmental Models and Computational Methods. G. Delich and M. F. Wheeler, Eds., Society of Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, 143-156. Hamrick, J.M., 1994: Linking hydrodynamic and biogeochemical transport models for estuarine and coastal waters. Estuary and Coastal Modeling, Proc. Third Intl. Conf., M. L. Spaulding et al., Eds., ASCE, New York, 591 608. Jin, K. R., and Z. G. Ji, 2003: Modeling of sediment transport processes and wind-wave impact in a large shallow lake. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE (tentatively accepted) Jin, K. R., and Z. G. Ji, 2003: Application and validation of a 3-D model in a shallow lake. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering (accepted) Ji, Z.-G., J. H. Hamrick, and J. Pagenkopf, 2002: Sediment and metals modeling in shallow river, Journal of Environmental Engineering, 128, 105-119. Jin, K. R., Z. G. Ji, and J. M. Hamrick, 2002: Modeling winter circulation in Lake Okeechobee, Florida. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 128, 114-125. Ji, Z.-G., M. R. Morton, and J. M. Hamrick: 2001: Wetting and drying simulation of estuarine processes, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 53, 683-700. Jin, K.-R., and Z.-G. Ji. 2001. Calibration and Verification of a Spectral Wind-Wave Model for Lake Okeechobee. Journal of Ocean Engineering, 28(5), 573-586.

13. Selected EFDC Peer Review Publications Jin, K. R., J. M. Hamrick, and T. S. Tisdale, 2000: Application of three-dimensional hydrodynamic model for Lake Okeechobee. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 126, 758-771. Moustafa, M. Z., and J. M. Hamrick, 2000: Calibration of the wetland hydrodynamic model to the Everglades nutrient removal project. Water Quality and Ecosystem Modeling, 1, 141-167. Shen, J. Boon, J., and Kuo, A. Y. 1999. A numerical study of a tidal intrusion front and its impact on larval dispersion in the James River estuary, Virginia. Estuaries, 22(3), 681-692. Shen, J. and Kuo, A.Y. 1999. Numerical investigation of an estuarine front and its associated eddy. Journal of Waterways, Ports, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, 125 (3), 127-135. Kuo, A.Y., Shen, J. and Hamrick, J. M. 1996: The effect of acceleration on bottom shear stress in tidal estuaries. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 122 (2), 75‑83. Wu, T. S., J. M. Hamrick, S. C. McCutechon, and R. B. Ambrose, 1997: Benchmarking the EFDC/HEM3-D surface water hydrodymamic and eutrophication models. Next Generation Environmental Models and Computational Methods. G. Delich and M. F. Wheeler, Eds., Society of Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, 157-161. Yang, Z. and J. M. Hamrick, 2003: Variational inverse parameter estimation in a cohesive sediment transport model: an adjoint approach.Journal of Geophysical Research, in press. Yang, Z. and J. M. Hamrick, 2002: Variational inverse parameter estimation in a long-term tidal transport model. Water Resources Research, in press.

14. Lake Okeechobee FL EFDC Grids Florida Bay FL Savannah River and Estuary GA Neuse River and Estuary NC Fenholloway River and Estuary FL

15. Jordan Lake NC EFDC Grids Logan Martin Lake AL Mobile Bay AL Lake Allatoona GA Mobile Bay AL

16. EFDC Pre-Processing • Grid Generator • Develop 2-D and 3-D grids • Depth interpolation • Includes bottom elevation • Tangent points for complex shorelines • EFDCView • Model configuration • Interactive boundary designation • Execution control • Launch post-processor

17. Grid Generator User may move primary and secondary control points to fit a complex shoreline, then regenerate the grid. The new grid is automatically displayed Move Control Point

18. Interface

19. Flint Simple Grid

20. Remove Land Cells

21. EFDCView (Preprocessor)

22. Assigning Boundaries

23. EFDC Post-Processing • MOVEM (with WASP) • EFDCView generates a Binary Model Data (BMD) file that can be viewed by MOVEM. • Tecplot • Animations • Time series plots

24. Flint Creek Example • Flint Creek watershed in northern AL • Drains to the TN River • Grid and model development for the embayment

25. Location Maps

26. Flint Creek Example