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Reenvisioning the Ocean: The View from Space A RESPONSE

Reenvisioning the Ocean: The View from Space A RESPONSE. Dave Siegel University of California, Santa Barbara. 6 12.011 C Carbon. Remote Sensing Carbon. Stocks pCO 2 , DIC, DOC, POC & PIC Components Community structure, calcifiers, N 2 fixers, etc. Fluxes

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Reenvisioning the Ocean: The View from Space A RESPONSE

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  1. Reenvisioning the Ocean: The View from SpaceA RESPONSE Dave Siegel University of California, Santa Barbara

  2. 6 12.011 C Carbon

  3. Remote Sensing Carbon • Stocks • pCO2, DIC, DOC, POC & PIC • Components • Community structure, calcifiers, N2 fixers, etc. • Fluxes • Air-sea, export, net community production, etc.

  4. Remote Sensing Carbon • Ocean color is not perfect for this task Optical properties are not carbon species CDOM is not DOC, optical backscattering is not POC • Need to think like paleo-oceanographers… Develop “quantitative proxies” But … test them using real observations

  5. Some Examples… • Stocks • POC • pCO2 • CDOM (This is a shameless plug for our CDOM poster!!) • Components • Calcifiers - coccolithophorid bloom occurrence • Fluxes • Air-sea CO2 fluxes

  6. Remote Sensing of POC April 1998 Relate POC to estimates of optical backscattering by particle Loisel et al. [2002] GRL

  7. Remote Sensing of POC April 1998 SeaWiFS chlorophyll concentration SeaWiFS POC

  8. Remote Sensing of POC “POC” Chlorophyll Average for the North Atlantic (0 to 60oN)

  9. Remote Sensing of POC • POC patterns are very different from chlorophyll • Validation at BATS & HOT is OK, but not great • Ratios of satellite to field POC are 1.22 (± 0.37) @ BATS & 0.94 (±0.27) @ HOT • Enables POC budgets to be assessed • Mean POC = 54 mg C m-3 • Large uncertainty in conversion from optics to POC • Estimated to be ~40% - Improvements are underway

  10. Remote Sensing of Calcifiers Coccolithophorid bloom classification Iglesias-Rodríguez et al. [2002] GBC

  11. Remotely Sensing of Calcifiers • Classification analysis based on observations of coccolithophorid blooms • Enables space/time characteristics of coccolithophorid blooms to be assessed • First (& probably easiest) step towards determining phytoplankton community structure remotely

  12. Air-Sea CO2 Fluxes • Relate observations of pCO2 to SST • Satellite SST to map pCO2 • Highly variable relationship Lee et al. [1998] Nature

  13. Air-Sea CO2 Fluxes Incorporating winds enables air-sea CO2 fluxes to be estimated

  14. Air-Sea CO2 Fluxes • Used regional relationships for pCO2 as f(SST) • Drive with remote estimates of wind & SST • Approach has promise, but we need a better way to predict pCO2 • What if climate change, alters pCO2 =f(SST)??

  15. 6 12.011 C Carbon

  16. Remote Sensing Carbon • Ocean color is not easily related to carbon • Chlorophyll is not carbon • Key is using “real” observations to build simple models • Global data are finally available – more in future • The JGOFS legacy is its open data access • We are really just at the beginning of this work

  17. The Future is Remotely Sensible • There are many applications under consideration • Primary production & export fluxes • Photochemical rxn rates (CO, CO2, COS, etc.) • DMSP/DMS cycling & air-sea DMS fluxes • Trichodesmium distributions • Physiological status from fluorescence • and many more …

  18. Thank you!!

  19. Remote Sensing of DOC Colored Detrital & Dissolved Organic Material Absorption Siegel et al. [2002] JGR

  20. Remote Sensing of DOC NH Winter DOC Distribution Siegel et al. [2002] JGR

  21. Remote Sensing of Trichodesmium Index for Trichodesmium occurrence Toby Westberry [work in progress]

  22. Remote Sensing of DIC & pCO2 • Empirical approach for the Tropical Pacific • Model … DIC = f(SST,SSS) TA = f(SST,SSS) Loukos et al [2000] GRL Fall ‘92 Spring ’92 DIC pCO2

  23. DpCO2 GasEx Flux Remote Sensing of DIC & pCO2 • Average from 5oS to 10oN • 1982 to 1994 • SST, SSS & wind products used

  24. Remote Sensing of DIC & pCO2 SOI Anomalous evasion is well related to SOI

  25. Remote Sensing of DIC & pCO2 • Empirically model DIC & TA for Tropical Pacific • Drive this with remote sensing (& other) data • Find relationship between CO2 evasion & SOI • BUT, evasion flux uncertainties are ~50% • More field observations should help • So would the remote sensing of sea surface salinity

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