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Digital Image Processing: From Pixels to Perception

This introductory chapter explores the fundamentals of digital image processing, including the origins, sources, and components of image processing systems. It delves into the significance of digital images, their representation, and the transformation of image data for various purposes. The narrative spans from the early days of digital image processing to its modern applications in storage, transmission, and machine perception.

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Digital Image Processing: From Pixels to Perception

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  1. Chapter 1. Introduction Spring 2006, 劉震昌

  2. Introduction • One picture is worth more than ten thousand words. => Richness of image content

  3. Why digital image processing? • Motivation: • Improvement of pictorial information for human interpretation • Processing of image data for storage, transmission, and representation for autonomous machine perception

  4. What is digital image? • An image: 2-d function • I=f(x,y) • I: intensity (or color) • (x,y): coordinate • When (x,y) and I are finite and discrete quantities -> digital image • pixels(像素), picture elements, image elements, pels

  5. Pixels Notice: pixel is not a square!

  6. Representing digital images

  7. Representing digital images (cont.) • Matrix form f(0,0) f(0,1) … f(0,N-1) f(1,0) f(0,1) … f(1,N-1) … … f(M-1,0) f(M-1,1) … f(M-1,N-1) MN bits to store the image = M x N x k gray level = 2k

  8. Side story of Lena 1972 playboy: Miss Nov. 1997 Lena

  9. Outline • Origins of digital image processing • Source of digital images • Fundamental steps in DIP • Components of an image processing system

  10. Origins of digital image processing • Newspaper industry in 1920s • Telegraph printer, 5 gray levels

  11. Origins of digital image processing (cont.) • 15-tone in 1929

  12. The rising of digital image processing • Digital image processing • Digital image + digital computer processing • Modern digital computers • 1940, John von Neumann

  13. The rising of digital image processing (cont.) • 1960s, for space program • Jet Propulsion Lab(Pasadena, CA) in 1964

  14. Sources of digital images • Electromagnetic(EM) energy 電磁波 • Acoustic imaging • Synthetic (computer-generated) imaging 超音波

  15. EM images

  16. EM images (cont.) • The same objects in different EM spectrum

  17. Ultrasound images

  18. Synthetic images

  19. Image display Image acquisition Image processing General DIP system storage

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