Human Rights-Based Approach to Programming - UNFPA -

1. Human Rights-Based Approach to Programming- UNFPA - SESSION 3: Applying a HRBA to Monitoring and Evaluation

2. Session Overview • Discussion of process and outputs (results) • Addressing participation, non-discrimination and accountability • Discussion of how to measure a HRBA • Working with mini-indicators

3. Monitoring and Evaluation • A comprehensive M&E plan sensitive to human rights concerns addresses: • process • outputs (results) • Why? • monitoring process helps ensure the most marginalized groups get involved and contribute to programme • final outcomes and impacts of programme as it relates to realization of human rights may only be visible in the long term, therefore ‘checking’ short-term effectiveness of the programme depends on evaluating process and ensuring that it is human rights-friendly

4. Some Fundamental Questions… • What to measure? • Who to involve? • How to measure? AND • How is M&E process ensuring attention to participation, non-discrimination and accountability? (See checklist of questions)

5. What to Measure? • Ideally: • Programme process • Outputs • Outcomes and impacts (where feasible/possible, although these are harder to measure)

6. Who to Involve? • Another way of thinking about how to apply principles of ‘participation and inclusion’ to M&E process • A HRBA calls for ensuring that both rights-holders and duty-bearers are involved in M&E, as well as individuals or groups, such as NGOs, who are external to the project and can give an objective perspective

7. Example of Participation • Gender case study: ‘Jalampore Gender Programme’ • To incorporate the principle of participation into its M&E activities • diverse group of stakeholders met every six months to review M&E findings • group included relevant ministers, the UN gender thematic group, members of parliament, local government officials, representatives of local women’s NGOs, gender experts, etc.

8. How to Measure? • Use human rights principles and standards to guide the selection of indicators (this means ensure participation, non-discrimination and accountability) • Indicators should be chosen that: • capture the extent to which human rights principles have been incorporated into all stages of the programme • demonstrate how incorporating rights has contributed to overall programme effectiveness • Also, make sure your process is non-discriminatory, participatory and accountable

9. Example of Non-discrimination • SRH programme in Country X agreed that one way to ensure non-discriminatory programming process would be to keep track of all rights-holders and duty-bearers who attended programme meetings. • M&E revealed that one group of rights-holders (adolescents living in poverty) stopped attending programme meetings early on. • Further qualitative surveys of this group were carried out, and it was discovered that programme meetings were ending late in the evening, and the adolescents had to travel too far to get back to their villages at night.

10. Example of Accountability • SRH programme in Country Y wishes to ensure that M&E activities are carried out in a manner that fulfils the principle of accountability. • As a result, all decisions made around M&E process, including decisions regarding which indicators to use, are carefully documented and then shared with all stakeholders, as well as with the local community.

11. Indicators (1) • Use indicators that will provide: • evidence of involving marginalized groups at all stages of your programme • evidence of fair and equal representation of rights-holders and duty-bearers • evidence that technical support has been provided to excluded or margianlized groups in building their capacity to participate in decision-making • percentage of resources spent on making information accessible to excluded groups, e.g. money spent on translation

12. Indicators (2) • In order to demonstrate how incorporating rights has contributed to overall programme effectiveness, use indicators that will capture: • evidence of strengthened capacities of rights-holders to claim their rights, and evidence of them actually claiming their rights • evidence of strengthened capacities of duty-bearers to fulfil their duties, as well as evidence of them actually fulfilling their duties

13. Example (1) • UNFPA is supporting a programme in Country A that aims to combat violence against women • One indicator used for M&E purposes is the number of gender-sensitive training programmes that have been carried out for police officers

14. Example (2) • One way to capture more human rights elements is to ‘disaggregate’ the indicator and include information, such as: • percentage of gender-sensitive training programmes that were carried out in poor, rural police stations • percentage that were carried out in minority languages • qualitative feedback from police officers as to the quality of these training programmes

15. Example (3) • Instead of counting how many police units introduced new ‘gender-sensitive protocols’ to respond to violence against women, gather evidence that shows duty-bearers can continue to provide gender-responsive services to women. • How many police units implemented action plan to continuouslytrain new recruits in gender-sensitive protocols? • What action plan does government have to prove it will continue making resources available to police units for purpose of promoting gender sensitivity?

16. Example (4) • Indicator: Total change in the number of survivors of violence receiving gender-sensitive support services • Disaggregate data! • Examine proportion of women who access the police and receive gender-sensitive services and are: • living in poverty? • migrants? • minorities? • What is the quality of the gender-sensitive support being provided? Is it acceptable to women?

17. Mini-Indicators Exercise • Consider the following indicators for a UNFPA maternal mortality intervention: • contraceptive prevalence rate • proportion of all births attended by skilled birth attendants • met need for emergency obstetric care • Which human rights principles and standards are reflected in these indicators (if any)? • Which human rights principles and standards should be reflected in these indicators, but are not?

18. Mini-Indicators Exercise • M&E results reveal that in Country X: • contraceptive prevalence rate has increased • proportion of all births attended by skilled birth attendants has increased • met need for emergency obstetric care has increased • What additional indicators, focusing on process, might be relevant to understanding these outcomes? • What human rights principles are relevant and should be reflected in these process indicators?

19. Conclusion • Use human rights principles and standards to guide the selection of indicators (this means ensure participation, non-discrimination and accountability) • Indicators should be chosen that: • capture the extent to which human rights principles have been incorporated into all stages of the programme • demonstrate how incorporating rights has contributed to overall programme effectiveness