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Broekaert E., Ph.D. Vandevelde S., Ma.Ed Vanderplasschen W., Ma.Ed. Soyez V., Ma.Ed.

Two Decades of ‘Research-Practice’ Encounters in the development of European Therapeutic Communities. Broekaert E., Ph.D. Vandevelde S., Ma.Ed Vanderplasschen W., Ma.Ed. Soyez V., Ma.Ed. Poppe A., Ma.Ed. VAKGROEP ORTHOPEDAGOGIEK. Introduction. Role of science in TC-development

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Broekaert E., Ph.D. Vandevelde S., Ma.Ed Vanderplasschen W., Ma.Ed. Soyez V., Ma.Ed.

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  1. Two Decades of ‘Research-Practice’ Encounters in the development ofEuropean Therapeutic Communities Broekaert E., Ph.D. Vandevelde S., Ma.Ed Vanderplasschen W., Ma.Ed. Soyez V., Ma.Ed. Poppe A., Ma.Ed. VAKGROEP ORTHOPEDAGOGIEK

  2. Introduction • Role of science in TC-development • First researchers: working in TCs + on individual basis • 1981: European Federation of Therapeutic Communities (E.F.T.C.): practitioners + meeting with practitioners • 1983: European Workshop on Drug policy Oriented Research (EWODOR): researchers, TC-section

  3. Method • Objective: • illustrate that ‘science has met practice’ by clustering the main results of EFTC- and EWODOR-meetings (n=1) published in grey literature • Selection criteria: • ‘invited’, ‘accepted’ and impact on daily work in TCs • published in scientific journals cited in Social Sciences Citation Index of the Web • major topics presented + challenges encountered • chronological order • completed with new and additional information presented during the 2001 symposium

  4. 1. Diagnosis • …-1980s: Labeled as emotional and immature persons; believe in human potential • 1980s: • follow-up of TC-residents intended to improve TC-programmes; • introduction of professionals with own knowledge and skills; • differential diagnosis due to implementation of DSM-III and ASI = new target groups • 1990s: • focus on motivation for treatment; • client’s needs and expectations

  5. 2. Treatment • 1970s: Standardised TC-approach: behavioural change, emotional openness + identification with peers + group • 1980s: • mainly male-oriented; more openness towards females; • family counselling, dialogue + less confrontation; • specific subgroups • 1990s: • treatment planning; • needs of specific groups; • alternative approaches: case management + methadone supply

  6. 3. Implementation • 1980s: • need for research to control ideological ‘overacting’; • research by TC-staff members, resistance towards external researchers • From mid 1980s: • researchers from the outside due to evaluation- and follow-up studie • exchange between researchers and practitioners • partnership between research-practice • Mid 1990s: • Involvement in international research projects and networks

  7. 4. Evaluation • Early TCs: • believe in the concept • reluctance towards evaluation research with focus on failures • From 1980s: • common agreement: succes depends on time in programme and motivation; • need to improve retention + family involvement (1/3 rule) • Since mid 1980s: • comparison with other treatment modalities + relapse prevention-techniques; • TCs adequate in providing high quality of life for graduates • methadone maintenance : long-term treatment + chronic diseases;

  8. 5. Methodology • 1980s: • Importance of empirical-analytical evaluation and follow-up studies • lack of theoretical models + adapted methodology • 1990s: • more qualitative research: more objective understanding of action + use of specific analysis (quantification of qualitative data) • New management: • measurable evaluation of treatment; • qualitative and quantitative methods

  9. 6. Organisation • …-1980s: • no systematic research + classical TC-model • 1980s-1990s: • adaptation + differentiation of TC-model, (openness towards family,…) • Research on planning, networking and co-ordination • 1990s-...: • Quality management; cost-effectiveness; treatment efficiency; client + personnel satisfaction • Need for client matching, adequate interventions • Part of an integrated treatment system

  10. Conclusion • Never been the first interested, but not negligible: from bastard child to partner • Results published in grey literature; easily accessible for practitioners who have no access to scientific journals; • Results were often provoking as they introduced changes + catalyst between necessity of a belief system and the reality of external control on methodology • Due to economic thinking necessity and value of treatment questioned • Easier accessibility of information • Stress on networking + co-operation

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