Chapter 3 - Why People Travel

1. Chapter 3 - Why People Travel • Pleasure Travel • Business Travel • Social and Cultural Impact of Tourism • Sustainable Tourism and Ecotourism • Cultural Tourism • Impact of Tourism on Culture • Tourism and Art • Heritage Tourism • Nature Tourism • Trends

2. Pleasure/Leisure Travel • Travel tourism is expected to double by 2015. • Most popular reasons for pleasure travel: • To experience new and different surroundings. • To experience new cultures and see how others live. • Rest and relaxation. • To visit friends and family. • To view or participate in a sporting event.

3. Why Has Pleasure Travel Increased? • Longer life span. • Flexible working hours. • Early retirement. • Greater ease of travel. • Shorter and more frequent trips. • Increased standard of living.

4. Appeals of Travel • Scenic beauty • Pleasant attitude of locals • Suitable accommodations • Rest and relaxation • Airfare cost • Historical and cultural interest • Cuisine • Water sports • Entertainment • Shopping • Sports

5. Factors That Influence Travel • Entertainment. • Purchase opportunities. • Climate for comfort (e.g., Florida in the winter when you live in the North). • Cost. • Special Interests (e.g., golf, location).

6. Business Travel • On a decline due to: • The economy. • Terrorism. • SARS (and other health concerns). • A reduction in travel budgets. • In the United States, meetings and conventions alone attract millions of people annually.

7. Business Travelers • Those who travel for business purposes (i.e., meetings, sales, conventions, trade shows, and expositions). • Are younger than leisure travelers. • Spend more money. • Travel further distances. • Travel in small groups. • Have shorter stays.

8. Changes in Business Travel • Travelers are now making their own travel arrangements online. • Increased security at airports: • Restrictions • Time delays • More secure passports • Less time between flights.

9. Social and Cultural Impact of Tourism • Increased number of visitor impacts: • Environment. • Physical resources. • Economy. • Sociocultural aspects.

10. Sustainable Tourism • Places a broad obligation on society. • Infrastructure: Roads, communication, sewage, and transportation. • Superstructure: Facilities built to accommodate tourists such as airports, cruise terminals, convention centers, hotels, and restaurants.

11. Ecotourism • Focused on: • Individual values; tourism with a conscience, sharing many of the same aspirations of sustainable tourism—the terms are often used interchangeably. • Minimizing the environmental impact of tourism. • Builds cultural awareness and respect. • Mainly found in developing countries with unique and beautiful features: • Deserts, tropical rain forests, coral reefs, ice glaciers.

12. Cultural Tourism • Tourism motivated by interest in the historical, artistic, scientific, or lifestyle/heritage offerings of a community. • UNESCO has designated a number of World Heritage Sites worthy of protection and preservation including: • Statue of Liberty • Grand Canyon • Great Wall of China • Taj Mahal

13. Impact of Tourism on Culture • A lot of locals are profiting from tourism. • There are downsides: • Jealousy • Envy • Anger (e.g., a tourist disrupting cultural events).

14. Tourism and Art • Pottery making • Embroidery • Jewelry making • Peasant music • Folk dancing • Carvings

15. Heritage Tourism • Growing in America. • Respects natural and built environments as well as historical milestones. • Reflects heritage of a people and place: • The Alamo. • Battlefields.

16. Heritage Tourism • Benefits: • To protect historical assets for the enjoyment of present and future generations. The challenge lies mainly in the infrastructure: roads, airports, water supplies, and public services (e.g., police and fire protection). • The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966.

17. 4 Steps To A Comprehensive Heritage Program • Groups that succeed in heritage tourism pay close attention to all parts of an integrated process: • Assessing the potential. • Planning and organizing. • Preparing, protecting, and managing. • Marketing for success.

18. Nature Tourism • Increasing. • Motivated by nature, such as a visit to a National Park. • Baby boomers have increasingly become interested in nature tourism.

19. Trends • Continued growth in ecotourism, sustainable tourism, and heritage tourism. • Number of tourists will continue to increase. • Government recognition. • Bilateral treaties being signed. • Low cost airlines. • Increase in ticket-less travel. • Increase in technology at checkpoints. • Move from public sector to private sector. • Destination management becomes a challenge. • Alternative cruises. • Increased concern for health and safety. • Increase in nature tourism.