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Ubiquitous Networks - 3 - IPv6-

Ubiquitous Networks - 3 - IPv6-. Laboratory of Intelligent Networks (LINK)@KUT http://link.kut.ac.kr Youn-Hee Han. What is IPv6?.

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Ubiquitous Networks - 3 - IPv6-

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  1. Ubiquitous Networks - 3- IPv6- Laboratory ofIntelligent Networks (LINK)@KUT http://link.kut.ac.kr Youn-Hee Han 한국기술교육대학교

  2. 한국기술교육대학교

  3. What is IPv6? A next-generation version of IP (Internet Protocol), a basic Internet protocol, in which the number of IP addresses (numbers to identify terminals) is greatly increased. The current version of IP is version 4. 232 IP addresses (=approximately 4.3 billion) Number corresponding to one bucket full of sand. The next-generation of IP is version 6 2128 IP addresses Number corresponding to a mass of sand covering the whole world. IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) 665,570,793,348,866,943,898,599 (or 6.65 x 1023) addresses for each square meter of the Earth's surface. 한국기술교육대학교

  4. Who manage IPv6 address? • ICANN/IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) • 인터넷 할당 번호 관리기관 • RIR (Regional Internet Registry) • 대륙별인터넷 레지스트리 • APNIC (Asia Pacific Network Information Center) • 아시아· 태평양 지역 • RIPE-NCC (Réseaux IP Européens Network Co-ordination Centre) • 유럽 • ARIN (American Registry for Internet Number) • 북남미 외 기타 지역 • 국가별 NIC (Network Information Center) • 한국은 KISA(한국인터넷진흥원) 안에 KRNIC(한국인터넷정보센터)에서 담당 • https://ip.kisa.or.kr/main.html 한국기술교육대학교

  5. Recent Status of IPv4 Address Space http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/index.html • https://ip.kisa.or.kr/main.html 2010.03 2011.03 한국기술교육대학교

  6. Recent Status of IPv4 Address Space 출처 - 2006년 u-인프라 통합 컨퍼런스 한국기술교육대학교

  7. Recent Status of IPv4 Address Space 한국기술교육대학교

  8. Recent Status of IPv4 Address Space (/32) 한국기술교육대학교

  9. IPv4 Issues (1/3) • Demerits of Current Internet Addresses • Address Shortages • Limits Internet growth for existing users • Hinders use of the Internet for new users • Internet routing today is inefficient • Forces users to use NAT • System Management Costs • Managing addresses manually is costly and error-prone • Networks Renumbering • Caused by address space shortage • When choosing a more competitive ISP • Mobile IPv4 • Complicated to manage 한국기술교육대학교

  10. IPv4 Issues (2/3) • Optional Security • IPv4 was never designed to be secure • adapted for a public educational & research network • Many solutions for IPv4 security have been defined • SSL, HTTPS, IPSECv4 • No ONE standard • Security features are optional • CANNOT count on their availability • Support for 21st century applications • New applications are more demanding, they will require • Guaranteed on-time delivery • Guaranteed availability of bandwidth • Guaranteed security • Difficult to add the functions to the base IPv4 technology • adding them is very high overhead 한국기술교육대학교

  11. IPv4 Issues (3/3) • Overcoming Insufficiency of IPv4 Address • PPP address sharing • CIDR (Classless Inter-domain Routing) • “망 주소/ 넷마스크 사이즈”로 라우팅 테이블 엔트리 표현 • E.g.] 128.156.20.0/22 호스트식별자가 0인 인터넷망주소 • NAT (Network Address Translation) 한국기술교육대학교

  12. Use of NAT Is NAT Good Solution? 한국기술교육대학교

  13. NAT example (1/2) Host Mapping [192.168.0.10:TCP 1025] ↔ [131.107.47.119: TCP 5000] 192.168.0.10 NAT Web server Internet 131.107.47.119 157.60.13.9 Destination Address: 157.60.13.9 Source Address: 192.168.0.10 Destination TCP Port: 80 Source TCP Port: 1025 Destination Address: 157.60.13.9 Source Address: 131.107.47.119 Destination TCP Port: 80 Source TCP Port: 5000 한국기술교육대학교

  14. NAT example (2/2) Host Mapping [192.168.0.10:TCP 1025] ↔ [131.107.47.119: TCP 5000] 192.168.0.10 NAT Web server Internet 131.107.47.119 157.60.13.9 Destination Address: 192.168.0.10 Source Address: 157.60.13.9 Destination TCP Port: 1025 Source TCP Port: 80 Destination Address: 131.107.47.119 Source Address: 157.60.13.9 Destination TCP Port: 5000 Source TCP Port: 80 한국기술교육대학교

  15. Is NAT Good Solution? • IPSec packets • Address and port translation (NAT function) invalidates the packet’s integrity • Peer-to-peer(P2P) Communication • NAT prohibits P2P communication, or makes it complicated • Battery Problem at Mobile Devices • IPv4 mobile devices are usually behind IPv4 NATs • Application that want to be reachable need to send periodic Keep-Alives to keep NAT state active • Current NATs requires Keep-Alive from 40 sec. to 5 minutes • It reduces battery life of mobile devices 한국기술교육대학교

  16. Is NAT Good Solution? • IPSec packets • Address and port translation (NAT function) invalidates the packet’s integrity • Peer-to-peer(P2P) Communication • NAT prohibits P2P communication, or makes it complicated 한국기술교육대학교

  17. Is NAT Good Solution? 한국기술교육대학교

  18. Carrier-Grade NAT (CGN) • What is CGN? Internet Internet Global v4 address Global v4 address Access Concentrator With NAT Access Concentrator FTTH ADSL Private IPv4 address CPE With NAT Global v4 address Private v4 address CPE With NAT End Host Private v4 address Source: 72th IETF (July 2008) End Host 한국기술교육대학교

  19. CGN’s Limitation • CGN looks v6 is not needed? • No. CGN has serious restrictions. • IPv6 is needed ! • Each customer can have only some “limited” numbers of sessions simultaneously. • “port number” is just 2bytes which means 64K • For example, if 2000 customer shares same Global IPv4 address (please note that this is just for example), only 25 or 30 so sessions can be used by each customer at the worst case. • Which means that: 한국기술교육대학교

  20. CGN’s Limitation - Web 2.0 and IPv6 Max 30 Connections Max 20 Connections Max 15 Connections Max 10 Connections Source: 72th IETF (July 2008) 한국기술교육대학교

  21. XMLHttpRequest() UI JavaScript Engine HTML / CSS data XML data JavaScript Code – the Ajax Engine HTML rendering engine Other data (e.g. images) Web 2.0 Application’s Operation • “Ajax” web application concurrent sessions Browser UI: Ajax: time server-side server processing server-side systems browser request web server data stores backend etc. html + css + xml data mgmt 한국기술교육대학교 Desktop UI“session” management

  22. Web 2.0 and IPv6 • Examples of # of concurrent sessions of web 2.0 sites • AJAX applications of Web 2.0 break behind NAT • Too many connections exhaust public IP port space Source: 72th IETF (July 2008) 한국기술교육대학교

  23. The world of IPv6 Mobile telephone Data-compatible home appliances Settlement \ \ Broadcasting Data car IPv６ Map information Vending machines Image Server DRINK \ Music \ What is IPv6 Application? (1) 한국기술교육대학교

  24. What is IPv6 Application? (2) IPv6:Keep unique identification Expand networking area from Server-client to peer-to-peer communication Server-client Communication Server Internet Local net Local net NAT × Introduce IPv6 Peer to Peer communication NAT Client Client IPv6 applied New Application emerges VoIP、TV conference, chat, multiplayer game over Internet, etc. Server Internet Local net Local net Client Clinet 한국기술교육대학교

  25. IPv6 Devices (1) • for example….. The Sony IP digital camera & Camcorder IPv6 digital camera system, IPv6 TV system, Home gateway 파나소닉의 IPv6 네트워크 카메라 모델 한국기술교육대학교

  26. IPv6 Devices (2) IPv6 Microwave Oven IPv6 Refrigerator 한국기술교육대학교

  27. IPv6 for the Ubiquitous Internet • Connect Everything to the Internet • Simply (Plug & Play) and Safety • Enjoy Internet Everywhere & Anytime • Play, Learn, and Live on the Internet for Everyone • Peer to Peer (P2P) • Global Reachability • Home Information System • We need One Internet • Global Communications enhances business, trade, research 한국기술교육대학교

  28. Next generation network (society) byIPv6 “Everything over IP” ★Always on Internet ★nearly infinite address (identification) ★Security (privacy) ★1 to N, N to M (broadcast application） Animal Pet Storages Servers PCs Track PDA Contents distribution （Cinema, Music, etc.） Network Computing Remote operation, monitoring （ Freight management, Facility management, etc.） IPv6 Internet Light Mobile Computing mobile phone （IMT-2000） Home Computing Information Appliance Home Network （BlueTooth, Zigbee） Air conditioner Car（ITS） 한국기술교육대학교

  29. New Header Format • New Header Format • Minimize header overhead (streamline IPv6 header) • Note: IPv6 header is not a superset of (not compatible with) IPv4 header 한국기술교육대학교 한국기술교육대학교

  30. Changed Removed New Header Format IPv4 Header Format 20 Octets + options : 13 fields, including 3 flag bits 0 bits 4 8 16 24 31 Ver IHL Total Length Type of Service Identifier Flags Fragment Offset Time to Live Protocol Header Checksum 32 bit Source Address 32 bit Destination Address Options and Padding 한국기술교육대학교

  31. New Header Format • IPv4 Header Format • Internet Header Length (IHL) • Unit: 4 bytes, Min: 5 (54=20 bytes), Max: 15 (154=60 bytes) • Type of Service (ToS) • RFC 2474 provides a definition of this field in terms of DS (Different Service) • Total Length • Unit: 1 bytes, Min: 20 bytes, Max: 65,535(=2^16) bytes • Identifier • If an IPv4 packet is fragmented, all of the fragments retain the same Identification values, so the destination can group them for reassembly • Flags • 0, 3: Reserved • 1: Don’t fragment • 2: More fragment • Time to Live (TTL) • When TTL becomes 0, ICMPv4 Error message is sent to the source 한국기술교육대학교

  32. Changed New Header Format IPv6 Header Format 40 Octets, 8 fields 0 4 12 16 24 31 Traffic Class Version Flow Label Payload Length Next Header Hop Limit 128 bit Source Address 128 bit Destination Address 한국기술교육대학교

  33. New Header Format • IPv6 Header Format • Traffic Class • indicates IPv6 packet’s class or priority • Flow Label • Indicates that this packet belongs to a specific sequence of packets between a source and a destination • Payload Length • Indicates the length of IPv6 payload • unit: 1 byte, Max: 65,535(=2^16) bytes • For payload of which length greater than 65,535 bytes, this field is set to 0 and the Jumbo Payload option is used in Hop-by-Hop option extension header • Next Header • Indicates either the type of the first extension header or the upper-layer protocol (such as TCP, UDP, or ICMPv6). • Hop Limit • The maximum number of links over which IPv6 packet can travel 한국기술교육대학교

  34. New Header Format IPv6 Extension Header 한국기술교육대학교

  35. Routing Header • Routing Header • Used to specify a list of intermediate nodes for the packet to travel to the final destination 한국기술교육대학교

  36. Fragment Header • Fragment Header • Used for IPv6 fragmentation and reassembly services • Only source node generate the fragment header • If the packet’s size is greater than ‘Path MTU’, the fragment header is required Original IPv6 Packet Unfragmentable part Fragmentable part Unfragmentable part Fragment header First fragment Unfragmentable part Fragment header Second fragment Unfragmentable part Fragment header Third fragment 한국기술교육대학교

  37. Features of IPv6 • Internet Header Length (IHL) is removed • IPv6 Header is always a fixed length of 40 bytes • The size of header - IPv4: minimum 20 bytes  IPv6: fixed 40 bytes • The number of fields • IPv4: 12  IPv6: 8 • Seldom-used fields (e.g., Identification, Flags, Fragment Offset) are removed • Fragmentation information is contained in a Fragment extension header • Header Checksum field is removed • Link-layer performs bit-level error detection 한국기술교육대학교

  38. Features of IPv6 • Efficient and Hierarchical Addressing and Routing Infra. • International and planned address allocation • Backbone routers will have much smaller routing table entries • Address Autoconfiguration • Stateless and Stateful address configuration • Built-in Security • Support of IPSec is an IPv6 protocol suite requirement • Better Support for QoS • New QoS fields in the IPv6 header 한국기술교육대학교

  39. IPv6 주소 유형 • IPv6 주소의 유형 한국기술교육대학교

  40. Why IPv6? • IPv6의 장점 한국기술교육대학교

  41. Why IPv6 (Summary)? • IPv6 solves the address depletion problem • IPv6 solves the international address allocation problem • IPv6 restores end-to-end communication • IPv6 has more efficient forwarding • IPv6 has built-in security and mobility • IPv6 uses scoped addresses and address selection 한국기술교육대학교

  42. IPv6 & Google http://www.google.com/intl/en/ipv6/ [추천동영상]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o5RbyK0m5OY 한국기술교육대학교

  43. IPv6 Reference • Homepage • IETF Homepage : www.ietf.org • IPv6 Forum : www.ipv6forum.com • IPv6 Korea Forum : www.ipv6.or.kr • IPv6 RFC • RFC2460 : Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification • RFC2461 : Neighbor Discovery for IPv6 • RFC2462 : IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration • RFC2463 : Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMPv6) for the IPv6 Specification • RFC2464 : Transmission of IPv6 Packet over Ethernet Networks • RFC2373 : IPv6 Addressing Architecture • RFC2374 : An IPv6 Aggregatable Global Unicast Address Format • RFC2529 : Transmission of IPv6 over IPv4 Domains without Explicit Tunnels • RFC1886 : DNS Extensions to support IPv6 • RFC2471 : IPv6 Testing Address Allocation • RFC2472 : IPv6 over PPP 한국기술교육대학교

  44. 추천사이트 및 동영상 • http://www.vsix.net/ • 한국 인터넷 진흥원 IPv6 포털 • http://www.v6pc.jp/en/index.phtml • 일본에서 만든 IPv6 홍보 사이트 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2wa7y3W2DI0&feature=related • IPv6 Tutorial • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o5RbyK0m5OY • Google IPv6 Conference (Jan. 2008) 한국기술교육대학교

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