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Critical Thinking: Identifying Fake News Online

Understand fake news, misinformation, and disinformation. Learn to verify sources, fact-check information, and critically assess online content.

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Critical Thinking: Identifying Fake News Online

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  1. ‘Fake News’ & Verification Lesson 7

  2. Is this a castle house in Ireland? Yes or no? Write down your answer

  3. Did a squirrel get prosthetic wheels? Yes or no? Write down your answer

  4. Did world leaders huddle around Russian President Putin at the last G20? Yes or no? Write down your answer

  5. Discussion How do you decide whether or not to believe something you see online?

  6. Fact-check This is KoTapu, an island in Thailand, which does not include a castle

  7. Fact-check This Turkish squirrel lost its paws in a mouse trap, and did, in fact, got prosthetic wheels Source: https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/karamel-squirrel-prosthetic-wheels_us_5ac519e4e4b09ef3b243058d

  8. Fact-check Vladimir Putin was digitally added to this photo

  9. Fact-check Are these real people?

  10. Fact-check Nope. They are all computer-generated Source: https://www.geek.com/tech/nvidia-ai-generates-fake-faces-based-on-real-celebs-1721216/

  11. Discussion • Do you always believe everything you see online? • How do you tell if something is true or false?

  12. What is ‘fake news’? The term ‘fake news’ has become a popular word but there is a debate about what it means since the term is used by people for different reasons Many people would agree that fake news is deliberately presenting false informationto mislead or deceive

  13. What is ‘information pollution’? There are many types of false and poor-quality information that circulate online This larger problem is called ‘information pollution’ The online environment is huge and complex It is hard to figure out where information is coming from and whether it is real or truthful

  14. False Information Online With technology and the internet, it is easy to create wrong information, and for it to spread quickly. There are two main categories: Misinformation: when false information is shared, but no harm is meant Disinformation: when false information is shared to cause harm (e.g. political propaganda meant to influence what people believe or their actions)

  15. Misinformation Politics & propaganda

  16. Disinformation Politics & propaganda False information can be designed to mislead and achieve a political goal. For example, telling people they can vote through Twitter. https://www.recode.net/2017/10/31/16587174/fake-ads-news-propaganda-congress-facebook-twitter-google-tech-hearing

  17. Discussion Have you ever shared something online that you thought was true but was actually false?

  18. Why do people create false information? There are two main reasons people create false information: Financial: One big motive is to make money through page views (clicks) and advertising dollars Political purpose: Another reason is to mislead people and to encourage them to adopt certain political attitudes and behaviours

  19. How does false information spread? • Those who produce false or misleading reports know content that provokes a strong emotion makes us want to share without fact-checking • The mechanics of social media also contribute to the problem by showing whatis popular. People share wrong posts, making them even more popular

  20. Example: Photo manipulation Lost context Photos are easy to change, and get altered for all kinds of reasons* *Parkland survivor Emma Gonzales did not rip up the US constitution https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/emma-gonzalez-ripping-up-constitution/

  21. Example: Photo manipulation There are lots of people who can’t resist modifying a T-shirt …

  22. Example: Photo manipulation

  23. The future of fake • These faces were created by artificial intelligence • ‘Deep voice’ computer programs allow people’s voices to be convincingly faked • ‘Deep fake’ videos, which show people saying things they didn’t say, are hard to produce, but will get better/easier • It will only become more difficult to know what is true online

  24. What can we do? Think critically about what we see online Assess our emotions and stop to check before sharing information Learn the tools to fact-check information Develop the habits to verify sources and claims Establish a trusted list of information and news sources

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