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Psychology 291 Lab 3 September 23 - 25, 2013

Psychology 291 Lab 3 September 23 - 25, 2013. Hypotheses Variables. Hypotheses. Predictions Predicted relationship (with or without direction) Correlational Predicted difference Can be Causal. Variables. Measured Variables that are assessed by the experimenter

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Psychology 291 Lab 3 September 23 - 25, 2013

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  1. Psychology 291Lab 3September 23 - 25, 2013 • Hypotheses • Variables

  2. Hypotheses • Predictions • Predicted relationship (with or without direction) • Correlational • Predicted difference • Can be Causal

  3. Variables • Measured • Variables that are assessed by the experimenter • Correlational vs. Differential studies • Quasi-Independent • A pre-existing characteristic that the experimenter uses to categorize the participants • e.g. Grouping Ps. according to sex • Independent • manipulated by the experimenter • e.g. Randomly assigning Ps. to receive placebo, low dose or high dose • Dependent • not under the control of the experimenter • the measured variable • e.g. Reaction time

  4. Variables Cont. • Other variables outside the focus of the study that may affect the results • Extraneous • Unsystematic differences that affect the DV • Confounding • Variables that change systematically with IV

  5. Extraneous Variables • Confounding Variables - Affect any individual in any group - Affect a group/condition within an experiment X  Y X Individual Diff Y Confounding Variable X acts on Individual differences leading to changes in Y Changes in X lead to changes in Y, however a relationship between X & CV influence Y

  6. Summary • Hypothesis: What is being predicted? • When trying to identify the hypothesis look for key words such as: • Hypothesized • Objective • Investigate • Measured Variables • Assessed by the experimenter • Pre-existing characteristic or measured • The independent variable is manipulated or if quasi-independent allows for categorization. • IV: What did the researchers change in order to group participants? • QV: What characteristic did researchers use to group the participants? • The dependent variable is what changed as a result of the manipulation. • What were researchers trying to find/elicit a change in?

  7. A drug company is advertising a new drug that helps people recover from jet lag faster. You are skeptical, so you conduct an experiment to test their claim. In your experiment, 100 people are flown from San Francisco to Tokyo. During the flight, half of the participants are given the drug company’s new drug. The other half of the participants are given a placebo during the flight. Six hours after they land, all participants are asked to rate how sleepy and disoriented they feel.

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