Westphalian International Society and Contemporary Global Politics

1. Edward Lynch Geoff Goldberg Lauren Wygonski Westphalian International Societyand Contemporary Global Politics

2. The History of the Treaty of Westphalia The Westphalian International Society Contemporary Westphalian Models Issue Discussion Agenda

3. Issue Areas

4. Holy Roman Empire • House of Hapsburg • Other German Princes • Spain • France • Sweden • Representatives of the Dutch Republic • Britain? Members

5. The Juridical equality and political independence of the member states were recognized by international law • Every member state was considered a legitimate power by the other states • The relations between these sovereign states were managed by a professional corps of diplomats and organized in a multilateral system of diplomatic communication • Although they agreed on a Christian religion, a culture evolved that was European • A balance of power between the member states was created to make sure any one state would not make a play for hegemony • The Future Wars of the Member States Treaty of Westphalia

6. Creations of Nation States Respect of Boundaries and Borders Autonomy Sovereignty Balance of Power Westphalian International Society

7. Before

8. After

9. Theoretical and Practical Challenges The Westphalian Model:

10. Steven D. Krasner, PhD In Theory • Professor Stanford University • Director of Policy Planning, US State Department 2005-2007 • Challenges to Westphalia • Sovereignty: Treaty of Münster : "Alliances be not against the Emperor, and the Empire, nor against the Public Peace, and this Treaty, and without prejudice to the Oath by which every one is bound to the Emperor and the Empire." • Final Authority is a Myth: King and Parliament

11. In Practice • Non-interference vs. Humanitarian Aid • Somalia 1992: UN delivers aid • Bosnia 1992: UN Peacekeepers protect relief supplies • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uEx5G-GOS1k • Former UN Secretary-General Perez de Cuellar 1991: “We are clearly witnessing what is probably an irresistible shift in public attitudes towards the belief that the defense of the oppressed in the name of morality should prevail over frontiers and legal documents.” • Boutros Boutros-Ghali: “The time of absolute and exclusive sovereignty…has passed…. It’s theory was never matched by reality.”

13. The Middle Kingdom China

14. A Brief History • Middle Kingdom • Qing and Yuan Dynasties • Opium war and foreign incursions • Concessions and Extraterritoriality

15. “东突厥斯坦”（简称“东突”），这一名词出现于１９世纪末期。“斯坦”原为“地方”、“区域”之意，但“东突厥斯坦”不是一个单纯的地理概念，而是某些老殖民主义者为肢解中国提出的一个政治概念。“东突厥斯坦”（简称“东突”），这一名词出现于１９世纪末期。“斯坦”原为“地方”、“区域”之意，但“东突厥斯坦”不是一个单纯的地理概念，而是某些老殖民主义者为肢解中国提出的一个政治概念。 The term “East Turkestan” first appeared at the end of the 19th century. “Stan” originally means “Place” or “region”, but “East Turkestan” is no longer a simple geological concept, but has become a political concept envisioned by the same kind of colonialists who carved China into pieces. Source: Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs A Brief History

16. Westphalia at Home • Xinjiang • Tibet • Taiwan • Human Rights • Falun Gong

17. Westphalia Abroad Sudan: Friends With Benefits • Extractive FDI • Schools and Hospitals • No Strings Attached

18. Westphalia Abroad Myanmar • 900-mile oil and gas pipes • Rights to offshore gas • Hands off Internal Affairs

19. Союз Советских Социалистических Республик Union of Soviet Socialist Republics CCCP/USSR

20. 9 November 1989 7 February 1990 15 Constituent Soviet Republics Struggles between States and Moscow Lithuania Pro-Independence Movement Estonia Reestablish Independence 17 March 1991 Weakening Soviet Position, both Internationally and Domestically Collapse of the Soviet Union

21. CCCP/USSR

22. Demographic Breakdown

23. Содружество Независимых Государств СНГ

24. International Organization or Alliance 11 Former Soviet Republics Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan. Dissolution of the USSR Civilized Divorce between the Republics Geopolitical Tool for Russia Integration and Cooperation on Policy Commonwealth of Independent States

25. CIS Charter stated: all member states were sovereign and independent nations, and thereby effectively abolished the Soviet Union. Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev Illegal and Dangerous Constitutional Coup 21 December 1991 CIS Founding Westphalian Ideals

26. Creation of Nation States: Commonwealth of Independent States • Respect of Boundaries and Borders: 11 Former Soviet Republics • Autonomy: Integration and Cooperation with Moscow • Sovereignty: Armed Forces of the Russian Federation • Balance of Power: Russian Buildup Along Border Radical Islam CIS Present Day Westphalian Validity

27. ASEAN (Association For Southeast Asian Nations)

28. to accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region to promote regional peace and stability and adherence to the principles of the United Nations Charter "The fragmented economies of Southeast Asia with, each country pursuing its own limited objectives and dissipating its meager resources in the overlapping or even conflicting endeavors of sister states carry the seeds of weakness in their incapacity for growth and their self-perpetuating dependence on the advanced, industrial nations. ASEAN, therefore, could marshal the still untapped potentials of this rich region through more substantial united action.“ - Philippine Secretary of Foreign Affairs, Narciso Ramos Goals of Asean

29. ASEAN and Westphalia • Similarities • Both had a treaty • Both entered negotiations after wars • Both acknowledge the sovereignty of the individual member states • Both manages by a congregation of diplomats • Differences • 1648 v. 1967 • Outside Conflicts v. Internal Peace • Exclusive treaty v. Inclusive treaty • There was no UN

30. ASEAN family Ability to receive more FDI Benefits to being part of ASEAN

31. http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_4710000/newsid_4717400/4717435.stm?bw=nb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=4717435&bbcws=1http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_4710000/newsid_4717400/4717435.stm?bw=nb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=4717435&bbcws=1 Costs to being in ASEAN Pressures to “westernize” Intervention in Human Rights Issues

32. Final Thoughts • Do you think a Westphalian International Society model currently exists? • Could a Westphalian International Society model exist? • If so, where? Conclusion

33. Treat of Westphalia; October 24, 1648Peace Treaty between the Holy Roman Emperor and the King of France and their respective Allies http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/westphal.htm • John Baylis and Steve Smith, “The Globalization of World Politics, an introduction to international relations,” (Oxford University Press: 2005) 54 • Overview of the ASEAN Charter, http://www.aseansec.org/64.htm • CNN, “NZ looks at ASEAN security treaty,” http://www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/asiapcf/12/01/laos.asean/index.html • ASEAN members mull wording on Myanmar situation, Asian Political News,  PHNOM PENH, July 30 Kyodo http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0WDQ/is_2007_August_6/ai_n19453608, Works Cited