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Key Philosophical Terms & Concepts

Key Philosophical Terms & Concepts. Materialism. A doctrine which holds that the only thing that can truly be said to exist is matter ; that fundamentally, all things are composed of material and all phenomena are the result of material interactions. Idealism.

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Key Philosophical Terms & Concepts

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  1. Key Philosophical Terms & Concepts

  2. Materialism • A doctrine which holds that the only thing that can truly be said to exist is matter; that fundamentally, all things are composed of material and all phenomena are the result of material interactions.

  3. Idealism • The theory that all reality is mental (spiritual, psychological. Matter, the physical, does not exist.

  4. Rationalism • The philosophic approach that emphasizes reason as the primary source of knowledge and of spiritual truth.

  5. Empiricism • The view that experience, through the senses, is the only source of knowledge. The scientific method is based on this view.

  6. Fatalism • The belief that a person cannot in any way direct his or her behavior or destiny, or that of history. “What will be will be.”

  7. Skepticism • The view that, although answers to philosophical questions may exist, man cannot know the truth about the riddles of nature and of the universe. • “One thing only I know, and that is that I know nothing” (68).

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