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Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers

Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers. Why is this important? What does the industry say? How does the technology work? How does it address the problem? What do we offer? What are the alternatives?

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Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers

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  1. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers

  2. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers • Why is this important? • What does the industry say? • How does the technology work? • How does it address the problem? • What do we offer? • What are the alternatives? • If you are not already doing this work where do you find it?

  3. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers

  4. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers • Data Center Knowledge • July, 2010 survey of 240 readers • 26% operate more than 10 data centers • 63% are expanding • Top five interest areas • Data Center Design • Green IT and Energy Efficiency • Power and Cooling • Data Center Management and Automation • Solutions to Reduce Energy Cost

  5. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers • Pike Research study • Results released in August • $41B market by 2015 • 28% of all data center projects • 46% of investments focused on reducing power and cooling requirements

  6. 42U rack 84 blades 250w/blade 19.32kw/rack 50 racks 1Mw of server demand Plus…1Mw of heat rejection = 275 tons of cooling and 100,000 to 150,000 cfm 2Mw total demand Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers

  7. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers

  8. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers • Convert expense to revenue

  9. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers • “PUE” • Previous slide PUE approximately 2.77 • Target PUE approximately 1.0

  10. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers

  11. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers

  12. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers Microsoft’s latest promos

  13. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers

  14. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers • What is Direct Evaporative Cooling • Cooling occurs because water changes phase from a liquid to a vapor • Water vapor is introduced directly into air stream • Constant wet bulb temp • Saturation efficiency 80% • DB & WB approach

  15. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers • How much cooling can be achieved? • Wet bulb depression • Difference between 100 DB and 70 WB • System efficiency (aka “saturation efficiency”) of 80% • 100-70 = 30 • 30 x 0.8 = 24 • 100-24 = 76

  16. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers Added grains of moisture

  17. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers • Cooling Effect • Sensible cooling = 1.08 * cfm * delta-t • 1.08 * 10,000 * 24 = 259,200 btuh or 21.6 tons

  18. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers • What is Indirect Evaporative cooling • Water never enters the supply air stream • Indirect up to 75% system efficiency • Straight sensible cooling • Reduces wet bulb temperature

  19. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers • How much cooling can be achieved? • Wet bulb depression • Difference between 100 DB and 70 WB • System efficiency of 75% • 100-70 = 30 • 30 x 0.75 = 22.5 • 100-22.5 = 77.5

  20. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers • Cooling Effect • Sensible cooling = 1.08 * cfm * delta-t • 1.08 * 10,000 * 22.5 = 243,000 btuh or 20.25 tons

  21. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers

  22. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers

  23. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers • What is Indirect/Direct Evaporative cooling • Consider it a two-stage hybrid • First stage lowers dry bulb and wet bulb • Second stage further lowers the dry bulb using the first stage results as the starting point

  24. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers • How much cooling can be achieved (Stage One)? • Wet bulb depression • Difference between 100 DB and 70 WB • System efficiency of 75% • 100-70 = 30 • 30 x 0.75 = 22.5 • 100-22.5 = 77.5

  25. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers • How much cooling can be achieved (Stage Two)? • Wet bulb depression • Difference between 77.5 DB and 63.5 WB • System efficiency of 80% • 77.5-63.5 = 14 • 14 x 0.8 = 11.2 • 77.5-11.2 = 66.3 • Total temperature drop is 22.5 + 11.2 = 33.7 degrees

  26. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers • Cooling Effect • Sensible cooling = 1.08 * cfm * delta-t • 1.08 * 10,000 * 33.7 = 363,960 btuh or 30.33 tons

  27. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers Added grains of moisture

  28. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers • Cooling Effect Summary • Direct evap • Supply temp = 76 degrees • Tonnage = 21.6 • Indirect evap • Supply temp = 77.5 degrees • Tonnage = 20.25 • Indirect/Direct evap • Supply temp = 66.3 • Tonnage = 30.33

  29. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers DALLAS WICHITA SACRAMENTO

  30. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers • How does this address the problem? • Remember the goal…shifting the kw required for cooling over to the kw available for servers • Evaporative cooling vs. chilled water vs. DX

  31. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers • How does this address the problem? • Aztec ASC ~ .25 kw/ton • Air cooled rooftop ~ 1.15 kw/ton (10.5 EER) • Evaporative cooled chiller ~ .88 kw/ton

  32. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers • How does this address the problem? • For our 30 ton example unit: • Aztec ASC ~ 7.5 kw • Air cooled rooftop ~ 34.5 kw • Evaporative cooled chiller ~ 26.4 kw

  33. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers • Potential applications • Enterprise data centers • Colocation data centers • R&D labs • Telecommunication equipment centers • Server closets • Container-based server centers • Abandoned “big box” conversions

  34. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers • Applications that probably will not work • Tropical environments • Marine environments • Potential corrosion due to salt air • Heavily polluted environments • Potential corrosion due to VOCs and ozone • “Traditional” design criteria is specified

  35. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers • Issues to consider • Hot aisle/Cold aisle separation • Using the “worst case” scenario for design • Be aware of the resulting dew point • Remember the vapor barrier

  36. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers • Equipment characteristics to consider • Control the water • All welded floor of stainless steel or aluminum • All welded drain pans at least 4” high • Internal velocities • Mist eliminators • Conduit for electrical and control wiring

  37. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers • Equipment characteristics to consider • Know the water • Consider water quality • Evaluate the use of automatic systems • Remember the end user

  38. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers • Aztec ASC line • Indirect or indirect/direct evap • Cooling-only or Cooling-Heating systems • DDC controls with Internet access available • Stainless steel evap sections • Fully welded floor pans • Fiberdek UL900cl2 media • Duradek edge coating • Cleanable media pre-filters • Internal seismic rated fan/motor isolation • VFD capable • Automatic fill and drain system • DHTD “digital high turndown” burner heating technology • 1,500 – 37,500 cfm range

  39. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers • Alton HECD line • Stainless steel evap sections • Fully welded floor • Fiberdek UL900cl2 media optional • Duradek edge coating optional • Cleanable media pre-filters • Automatic fill and drain system • 5,000 – 64,000 cfm range

  40. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers • What are the alternatives? • In-rack • In-room • Conventional HVAC • Hybrid DX or Chilled Water/Evaporative HVAC

  41. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers • What are the alternatives? • In-rack

  42. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers • What are the alternatives? • In-room

  43. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers • What are the alternatives? • Conventional HVAC

  44. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers • What are the alternatives? • Hybrid Dx or chilled water/Evaporative Cooling

  45. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers • How to find the work • Talk to electric utility folks • Talk to local economic development folks • Emphasize revenue vs. expense • Emphasize easier repurposing of abandoned retail space

  46. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers • Summary • Direct evaporative cooling is the least expensive • Indirect/direct evaporative cooling is the most effective • The goal is to convert expense to revenue for the client • And remember….computers don’t sweat…so go as warm as you can

  47. Evaporative Cooling of Data Centers Q & A

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