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Normal spleen

Normal spleen . Splenic variant. Ectopic position of the spleen:- Left flank Pelvis Posterior to the left kidney. Splenic variant. Splenunculi ( accessory spleen ) Small ectopic nodule of splenic tissue usually situated near the hilum of the spleen.

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Normal spleen

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  1. Normal spleen

  2. Splenic variant Ectopic position of the spleen:- Left flank Pelvis Posterior to the left kidney

  3. Splenic variant Splenunculi( accessory spleen ) Small ectopic nodule of splenic tissue usually situated near the hilum of the spleen. Recieves its blood supply from splenic artery Sonogrphically Appears as well defined oval or rounded exceed 4 cm in diameter Has a normal splenic acoustic characteristics Not visible on ultrasound unless splenomegaly is present A splenunculus may enlarge in post splenectomy patients

  4. Pathology of the spleen

  5. Splenomegally Enlargement of the spleen is a highly non specific sign associatede with numerous conditions as Infection due to rubella Portal hypertension , Neoplastic conditions as lymphoma The aetiology of splenomegaly can not be usually detected on ultrasound

  6. Splenomegally Enlargment of the spleen is considered when its long axis exceeds 12 cm The spleen enlarges downwards and medially Its inferior margin becomes rounded and may extend below the left kidney.

  7. Benign splenic conditions

  8. Splenic cysts Types of splenic cysts Simple cysts Post traumatic cysts ( liquefied haematoma ) Hydatid cyst Cystic metastasis

  9. Haemangioma Rare in the spleen Usually well defined hyperechoic focal lesion , rarely contain cystic areas

  10. Splenic abscess Uncommon Causes :- Amoebic or fungal infection Blood born bacterial infection Post traumatic

  11. Splenic abscess Clinical presentation:- upper abdominal pain and fever Ultrasound appearance :- Similar to liver abscess

  12. Splenic calcification Calcifications may occur in old inactive abscess cavities Associated with traumatic injury In old resolving post traumatic haematoma

  13. Splenic trauma Splenic laceration is not usually detect by US especially in the immediate post- trauma phase The laceration appears sonographically as hyperechoic line within the spleen A frank area of haemorrhag may be detected

  14. Splenic trauma

  15. Malignant splenic diseases

  16. Lymphoma The most common malignant disease affecting the spleen Clinical features :- Anaemia General fatigue Weight loss Fever Sweating Infection and decressed immunity

  17. Lymphoma Ultrasound appearance :- In many cases there is no sonographic abnormalities Diffuse splenic enlargement with normal , hypo- or hyperechogenicity Single or multiple and of varying sizes hypoechoic , anechoic , hyperechoic or mixed echogenicity Lymphadenopathy may be seen elsewhere in the abdomen

  18. Metastases Metastases occurs in the spleen much less commonly than in the liver Sonographic appearance :- As in the liver

  19. Thank you

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