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The Nervous System

The Nervous System . Nerve Cells. Nerve Cells . Called “neurons” Three Types Motor Sensory Inter. Motor Neurons. Relays messages from brain or spinal cord to muscles and organs. Sensory Neurons. Relays message from receptors (like in skin) to brain or spinal cord. Interneurons.

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The Nervous System

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  1. The Nervous System Nerve Cells

  2. Nerve Cells • Called “neurons” • Three Types • Motor • Sensory • Inter

  3. Motor Neurons • Relays messages from brain or spinal cord to muscles and organs

  4. Sensory Neurons • Relays message from receptors (like in skin) to brain or spinal cord

  5. Interneurons • Makes up the brain and spinal cord • Relays messages from sensory to motor neurons

  6. Parts of a Nerve Cell • Cell body • Nucleus • Dendrites • Axon • Terminal Fibers • Synaptic Endings • Myelin Sheath

  7. Cell Body • The largest part of the cell. • It holds the general parts of the cell like the nucleus and other organelles needed for the cell to function

  8. Nucleus • Control Center of the cell • Contains most of the cell’s DNA

  9. Dendrites • Large, branching area near cell body • Brings information TO cell body • Rough Surface • Usually many per cell

  10. Axon • Branch further from cell body • Carries information AWAY from cell body • Usually only one per cell • Smooth Surface

  11. Terminal Fibers • Branches of an axon • Have synaptic endings which send neurotransmitters from one cell to another

  12. Myelin Sheath • Insulating fat layer surrounding the axon of a nerve cell. Helps messages travel Faster and stops them From leaking away

  13. What is a Nerve? • A nerve is a discrete bundle of several thousand neuron axons wrapped around each other

  14. How Do Nerves Transmit Messages?

  15. Answer: Chemicals (transmitting molecules), called neurotransmitters, are sent from axon terminal across synapse (synaptic cleft) to a receptor on a dendrite.

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