R3PR3S3NT4T10N

1. R3PR3S3NT4T10N

2. UNSCRAMBLE THE WORDS • DEOLOIGY • YOHEMNEG • IADME • IETYOSC • TUELCUR • INATETPRRENSOE • OGOLYEISM • SGISN • EACR • SCURSIDOE • HCORNAS • BOSYLSM • BAGOLLITZONIA • DGNEER • IYTABIL • SALCS • VECOENNITOS • DCOES • ALMOR CISAPN • GAE (Answers – slide 6)

3. DID YOU GET ALL 20?

4. DID YOU?? DID YOU?

5. NOT TO WORRY, NOT EVERYTHING IN LIFE IS ABOUT WINNING……….. “SOMETIMES YOU HAVE TO LOSE TO WIN” (FANTASIA)

6. WORDS UNSCRAMBLED • Ideology • Hegemony • Media • Society • Culture • Representation • Semiology • Signs • Race • Discourse • Anchors • Symbols • Globalization • Gender • Ability • Class • Convention • Codes • Moral panics • Age

7. REPRESENTATION • According to Michael O’Shaughnessy and Jane Stadler (2012:75) the concept representation means: • To look like or to resemble • To stand in for something or someone • To present a second time – to re-present

8. YOUTHS REPRESENT • Delinquents • Rebellious • Immature • Lazy • Playful experimentation • Resistance • Fashion • Style • Taste • Irresponsible The representation of youths in mainstream media has for many years taken on a negative connotation.

9. YOUTHS • Similar to other cultural categories, youth is not a natural or universal given • Youth is a cultural construct • Youth or adolescent is a social category that emerged with changing family roles as capitalism developed • Transition from childhood to adulthood marked by rite of passage • Andreas Kitzmann (2015-2016)

10. WHAT IF…………..? Youths ran for elections as Prime Ministers and Presidents Youths held managerial and CEO positions in organizations Youths became Members of Parliament, speaker of the house or parliamentary secretaries Youths sat as resident magistrates in court Youths designed and developed the next Apple Iphone or MacBook Youths operated and controlled multimillion dollars company

11. Have a laugh!!

12. YOUTHS – D3F1N1T10N • Mary Bucholtz (2002) writes: • “It is a commonplace of much research on youth cultures and identities that the youth category lacks clear definition and in some situations may be based on one’s social circumstances rather than chronological age or cultural position. Related categories like adolescent, teenager, or young adult provide a greater degree of specificity concerning age, but they also vary in their application across context “ (pp. 526). Youth & Cultural Practice Annual Review of Anthropology pp. 525 - 552

13. FAMILY GUY • Similar to other television sitcoms, the children presented in this narrative are stereotyped because they are people we all recognize. • The humor of the narrative is exaggerated and represented in a way to draw our attention to what youths would do in reality. For example ridicule and play tricks on authority figures, rebellious and troublesome. • The hegemonic ideology of the “ideal” family; mother, father, son, daughter, dog and how they are situated within society (middle class family) are heavily represented. • The daughter (Meg) and son (Ryan) are representation of children in reality who are caught up with being socially acceptable at school and naïve with regards to sexuality and so on. • Stewie who is the youngest of the three children seems to be brilliant and also evil which is not the norm in society because babies are usually helpless and “cute”.

14. ALWAYS REMEMBER WHEN SOMETHING IS PRESENTED IN THE MEDIA IT IS NOT THE ACTUAL EVENT, PLACE, THING OR PEOPLE. IT IS A REPRESENTATION OF THE EVENT, PLACE, THING OR PEOPLE!!

15. R3PRE53NT4T1ON M1K3Y MIKEY W1N5T0N WINSTON J0LU JOLU V4N VAN Little Brother Cory Doctorow (2008)

16. L1TTL3 BR0TH3R • Excerpt: “Hey”, I said to the soldiers. “Hey listen! We are just high school students. I wanted to flag you down because my friend was bleeding. Someone stabbed him.” I had no idea how much of this was making it through the muffling bag. I kept talking, “Listen – this is some kind of misunderstanding. We’ve got to get my friend to a hospital-” (pp. 40)

17. ANALYSIS • Despite how the media portray youths; not all young people are considered “trouble” in the sense of the word. Subculture is associated with youth and is used to explore and exploit young people into consumer culture; turning most young people into consumers with their own preferences and sense of styles. • However not all young people are actively engaged in consumerism. There are youths such as Marcus (Little Brother: 2008) who finds more productive things to do besides shopping. Even though Marcus is a fictional character, he represents many other young people who did not get the opportunity to live out their youth because they were flung into adulthood before they could. Marcus at the age of 17 decided he was going to rescue his country from the Department of Homeland Security, fight against the corruption and prove his innocence in the Bay Bridge bombing. • Child stars such as Miley Cyrus, Justin Bieber, Demi Lovato, Selena Gomez, Raven Simone and many others are among those who have taken on adult roles during their childhood. Bucholtz (2002) indicates that “moreover even teenagers in late industrial societies may not experience adolescence as a distinctive life stage (especially one characterized by carefree indulgence, as is often popularly believed) due to economic and other constraints, have move quickly into adult responsibilities and also in some cases because of a lack of sharp age and role differentiation between young parents and their children” (pp. 527). • Cultural identity remains a blurred line for young people in this sense, so it is only fair to assume that during adolescence, experimentation, structured rebellion, exploration, education and gradual maturation will eventually happen. Music, style, taste, space and power are avenues used to experiment and educate, to explore and gradually learn how to construct identity among youths.

19. CONCLUSION • Signs, symbols and language are all used to understand how the term representation works. Individuals on a daily basis sees over a thousand advertisement, whether on the bus, at the subway station, our clothes, on cars, billboards, just to name a few and it is based on our interpretations and understanding of the world which helps to bring meanings to these signs. • Youth subculture has become problematic in the sense that scholars and media critics have been eloquent in establishing how boys and girls subculture are settled based on gender. With more emphasis being placed on boys subculture and less on girls. • The emphasis is placed more on boys rather than girls because girls are heavily “sheltered” and confined to the home; cooking, cleaning and being polished, while boys are encouraged to be “boys”, act tough and manly, actively engaged in sports, and are allowed to explore the outside world than girls. • The use of Marcus and other child stars in this presentation dismantle the ideological belief of how young people are represented in the media for example as delinquents, troublesome and irresponsible. • Family Guy was used to demonstrate how stereotypes and hegemonic ideology of the ideal family work in the media by highlighting Western notions of what the “ideal” family should represent. And how the children are stereotyped in the narrative. • I have used Marcus’s (Little Brother: 2008) style of writing to illustrate how representation of different words are words written in computer terms. And even though they are written in computer language, they still mean the same in English language.