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Explore the causes and consequences of the Reformation with a focus on the corrupt practices of the Catholic Church. Discuss Martin Luther's 95 Theses and the formation of Protestantism.

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  1. Do Now: • If you could change 1 thing at LBHS what would it be? • Explain

  2. Notes 1 The Reformation

  3. Causesof the Reformation • Renaissance ideas focused on humanism and the individual not the church. • Corrupt leaders of the church. • Popes fathered children. • Lived a lavish lifestyle, and spent extravagantly. • Hired poor, uneducated priest to perform religious duties. • Papal Bulls: can override laws, excommunicate, canonize, and promote people to church positions.

  4. The sale of indulgences & relics. • Friar Johann Tetzel - Selling forgiveness of sins to pay for St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome.

  5. The Church also sold bones of saints which were said to perform miracles.

  6. The Result • The church was the wealthiest institution in Europe, and merchants and others resented having to pay taxes.

  7. The Reformation • Reform means “to change”. A reformer sees both a problem and solution. • Martin Luther wrote the 95 Theses which spoke out against the practice of selling indulgences. • He posted a copy on the door of the castle at Wittenberg, Germany. People copied the posting and took it straight to the printing press. • Quickly Luther’s work and name spread throughout Europe and began the Protestant Reformation. • Protestant Reformation: a series of religious movements that called for the urgent change in the Roman Catholic Church. • The reformation eventually led to the formation of a new branch of Christianity called Protestantism, which did not accept the popes authority over the church.

  8. Luther’s teachings & the Pope’s response • Luther’s Teachings • Luther preached that you can earn salvation by faith and god’s forgiveness - The church taught that good works were needed. • All teachings should be taken from the bible the pope and church traditions are false. • People did not need priest to interpret the bible for them, all people were capable of interpretation. • The Pope excommunicated Luther, and later King Charles V put him on trial he was found guilty. • The Edict of Worms declared him an outlaw -no one was to give him shelter or food. • Prince Frederick the Wise of Saxony hid him, and he later returned to Wittenberg, where he and his followers became known as Lutherans.

  9. Vs.

  10. Reformation Situations • We are going to take a look at 4 pairs of different (yet similar) situations • After each situation pair we will have a small discussion and you will answer the questions that follow on your sheets for a grade

  11. Scenario 1 • Indulgences — When a person commits a sin, he or she can expect eternal punishment. The church was “selling” indulgences; in other words, they were allowing people to buy forgiveness of their sins. • TODAY:You got into a fight in the hall. The school rule is that you are suspended when you fight at school. Your mom calls in and is willing to make a big contribution to the discipline committee if you can get out of your suspension. The principal agrees. The person you fought with cannot afford to make a contribution so he must spend 10 days at home as punishment for the fight. • How are these two episodes similar? React to this scenario below.

  12. Scenario 2 • Lifestyle — St. Francis of Assisi believed that all church people should live a life of poverty to imitate the life of Christ. He narrowly avoided being called a “heretic” or a member of the church who holds different beliefs than those in power. This caused great internal conflict. • TODAY:The principal believes that every teacher needs to give homework every night. He is the boss and the ultimate authority in the school. A teacher believes that homework is not appropriate every night and therefore does not follow the rule and encourages others to break the rule as well. She narrowly misses being fired by the board of education on a 3-2 vote. • How are these two episodes similar? How are they different? React to this scenario.

  13. Scenario 3 • Decline in prestige (influence) — There was a decline in power and influence of some of the ruling-class people in authority. The church depended upon these people to collect taxes for them and to enforce the church orders. This was not happening. • TODAY:The treasurer of the school district has made a large error in bookkeeping. This has been well publicized in the community and people are upset by the error. The board wants to put a new levy on the ballot to keep the district out of debt. There is not much support for the levy within the community. • How are these episodes similar? React to this scenario.

  14. Scenario 4 • The Pope — Pope Alexander from Spain gave his Spanish relatives anything they asked for. He helped his illegitimate son attempt to become ruler of the land. • TODAY:The superintendent of your school district has made his wife the assistant superintendent. He also has hired his son to teach and coach in one of his schools. • How are these episodes similar? React to this scenario.

  15. LBHS Reformation • Given the LBHS Student Handbook you and your group will create a list of “LBHS Theses” as Martin Luther did against the Catholic Church • You will need to read, discuss, and reform rules you feel are unjust Product: • 5 LBHS reformations turned in, one assignment from each person We will discuss our reformations at the end OR Complete the assignment for HW if time runs short

  16. Do Now: • Where can you go for a hamburger other than Macdonald’s? • Why are there so many other options? • People don’t like monopolies • The Roman Catholic Church ~ Macdonald’s

  17. The Reformation Notes 2

  18. Martin Luther Constructed Response • Selling Indulgences • Martin Luther preached out against indulgences. Based on your knowledge of the subject and the clip you’ve just seen, explain some of the problems associated with the selling of indulgences.

  19. Open Your Books • For this part of the notes be prepared to reference p 491 – 493 in the textbook

  20. Henry Wants a Son • Henry VIII became king in 1509, and was a devout Catholic. • Married Catherine of Aragon of Spain, and had one daughter - Mary, but no son to inherit the throne. • Church law did not grant divorces- Henry went to Parliament- the body that over saw law, and had them grant him permission and accept his authority over the pope. • He secretly married Anne Boleyn, but only had a daughter - Elizabeth. • Anne Boleyn was tried and executed for treason. • He married Jane Seymour and finally had a son Edward. - Jane died 2 weeks after giving birth.

  21. Henry VIII’s Standard Wife Portrait

  22. The 6 Wives of Henry

  23. Successors to the throne • 1547-Edward takes the throne at the age of 9 - advised by protestants - he rules for 6 years and died. • 1553-Mary takes the throne and restores ties with the Catholic church - she died in 1558. • 1558-Elizabeth takes the throne, a Protestant - Parliament set up the Anglican Church, and Elizabeth is head (The only legal church of England).

  24. The Reformation Continues • John Calvin admired Martin Luther’s ideas about church reform and also believed in the protestant idea that people could not obtain salvation by good works. • He published the Institutes of Christian Religion, which examined his beliefs including the idea that salvation is predestined - meaning god has only chosen a few which will reach salvation. • This became known as Calvinism - a branch of Protestantism.

  25. Geneva Switzerland • Calvin arrives in 1540’s and transforms the small city into a Theocracy - a government ruled by religious leaders. • It had strict rules including no bright colored clothing, mandatory religion class, no gambling/cardgames. • If you broke these rules you would be excommunicated, banished, or imprisoned. • If you were caught speaking against the religion you would be burned at the stake. • John Knox, a preacher visited the city and admired the high moral standards and government. He returned home to Scotland and began the same type of government • The people who oversaw it became known as Presbyters - Knox’s followers became known as Presbyterians.

  26. The Reformation Continues • Episcopalian • Baptist • Methodist • Pentecostal • Presbyterian • Reformed

  27. Europe Changes Political Borders http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y46sZQQeEaY

  28. The Catholic Reformation • While Protestant churches won many followers, millions remained catholic. • A movement known as the catholic reformation took place, to continue to keep followers by reforming the church within. • Pope Paul III - investigated the sale of indulgences. • He called for a council of church leaders to meet at Trent, Italy. • They agreed on several doctrines: • The church’s interpretation of the bible was final. • Christians needed good works for salvation. • The bible and church authority were equally powerful. • False indulgences were banned. • Pope Paul IV - 1599 calls for officials to draw up a list of books dangerous to the catholic faith. • Known Index of forbidden books - they were collected/seized and burned.

  29. Discussion Question • Make a prediction about what will happen in Europe over the next few years now that there are so many different religions and new boarders • Support your prediction

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