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Elements of electrical engineering active learning assignment(2110005) svit - vasad

Guided by – Ankit Rana Prepared by- Manshi Patel(13BEICN031) Khyati Patel(13BEICG056) Megha Joshi(13BEICG046) Ami Goswami (13BEICG011).

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Elements of electrical engineering active learning assignment(2110005) svit - vasad

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  1. Guided by – • AnkitRana Prepared by- Manshi Patel(13BEICN031) Khyati Patel(13BEICG056) Megha Joshi(13BEICG046) Ami Goswami(13BEICG011) Elements of electrical engineeringactive learning assignment(2110005)svit- vasad

  2. BATTERIES AND FUEL CELLS

  3. A battery is basically a group of cells connected in series with each other or parallel in order to obtain . The desired terminal voltage and required current sourcing capability. Battery

  4. A battery is a group of cell . Depending on the voltage and current requirements, the cell are suitably connected in series parallel configurations. • the battery give out electrical energy due to chemical changes reactions taking place, while discharging . • During the charging process , the batteries absorb electrical energy at the time of charging and released it at the time of discharging. • A battery consists of a number of cell connected in series BATTERIES

  5. Two cells A real battery Another battery More precisely Battery Nomenclature Duracell batteries 9v battery 6v dry cell

  6. Primary battery Secondary battery Types of batTery

  7. Primary (Disposable) Batteries • Zinc carbon (flashlights, toys) • Heavy duty zinc chloride (radios, recorders) • Alkaline (all of the above) • Lithium (photoflash) • Silver, mercury oxide (hearing aid, watches) • Zinc air

  8. Secondary (Rechargeable) Batteries • Nickel cadmium • Nickel metal hydride • Alkaline • Lithium ion • Lithium ion polymer • Lead acid

  9. It should be capable of supplying large current at constant output power. • Its output voltage should remain constant for all the load current. • Storage time should be as long as possible. • the battery should be compact and should occupy little space. • It should be rechargeable and maintenance free. • It should be cost effective. Requirements of battery

  10. The lead acid battery is a collection of lead acid cells which are connected in series with each other . Generally the terminal voltage is 6V or 12V . For a 6V battery ,three cells are connected in series whereas for a 12V battery , six cells are connected in series. Construction of Lead acid Battery

  11. Container Plates Separators Electrolyte Vent caps Intercell connectors Cell terminals

  12. Some of the important Characteristics of lead acid battery • E.M.F • Terminal voltage • Internal resistance • Capacity • Efficiency Characteristics of lead acid battery

  13. If proper care of the battery taken , then its life can be between 2 or 4 years. • For maximum life of the lead acid battery , we must follow the procedures which given below.. • The battery top should be kept clean and dry. • Maintain correct level of electrolyte. • Check the charge on the battery frequently. • Maintain an adequate charging rate. • Never leave a battery is discharged condition. • Check the electrolyte level periodically. • Never short circuit the battery. Care of lead acid batteries

  14. As standby units in the distribution network. In the uninterrupted power supplies. In the telephone system. In the railway signalling. In the battery operated vehicles. In the automobiles for starting and lighting. Application of lead acid battery

  15. FUEL CELLS

  16. A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen or another oxidizing agent . Hydrogen is the most common fuel into electricity but hydrocarbon such as natural gas and methanol are used sometimes as alternative . Fuel cell

  17. A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen or another oxidizing agent . Hydrogen is the most common fuel into electricity but hydrocarbon such as natural gas and methanol are used sometimes as alternative . FUEL CELLS

  18. In secondary batteries, the chemical energy is stored in their electrodes . But in the fuel cells , the oxidants and the fuels are stored outside the cell. • Also they require constant source of fuel and oxygen to sustain the chemical reaction .This is the advantage of fuel cell over storage batteries because itb is possible to supply the fuels continously from outside and keep the fuel cell working practically forever.

  19. Fuel cells are classified on the basis of type of electrolyte they use . Some of them are- 1. Metal hydride fuel cell 2. Electro - galvanic fuel cell 3. Direct formic acid fuel cell 4. Hydrogen - Oxygen fuel cell 5. Microbial fuel cell. 6.Regenerative fuel cell 7. Phosphoric acid fuel cell TYPES OF FUEL CELLS

  20. Fuel cells produce water heat and a small quantity of nitrogen di oxide . • Individual fuel cells can produce about 0.7 volts . So they are stacked together to increase output of the cell. • They have an energy efficiency of 40-60% and it can be increased upto 85%. • First fuel cell was produced in 1838. FEATURES OF FUEL CELLS

  21. Back up power Portable power Transportation Speciality vehicles Military and space Electric utility Auxillary power Distributed generation APPLICATIONS OF FUEL CELLS

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