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MING AND QING EMPIRES

MING AND QING EMPIRES. MING: 1368 – 1644 QING: 1644 - 1904. Rise of the Ming. Ming Dynasty most powerful in China People paid tribute (money & gifts) to acknowledge their submission, & expected Europeans to do it. Hongwu. 1 st emperor of Ming Restored agricultural lands;

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MING AND QING EMPIRES

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  1. MING AND QING EMPIRES MING: 1368 – 1644 QING: 1644 - 1904

  2. Rise of the Ming • Ming Dynasty most powerful in China • People paid tribute (money & gifts) to acknowledge their submission, & expected Europeans to do it

  3. Hongwu • 1st emperor of Ming • Restored agricultural lands; increased rice production • Erased Mongol past • Promoted China’s power/prosperity • Held Confucian moral standards • Later paranoid; became tyrant and conducted purges

  4. Voyages of Zheng He • Chinese Muslim admiral • Started sailing 1405 before Europeans (7 voyages) • Southeast Asia, India, Arabia, and Eastern Africa • Helped expand China’s tribute system • After 7th voyage, China withdrew into self-sufficient isolation

  5. Ming Relations with Foreign Countries • Only government allowed to trade through 3 ports • Demand for Chinese goods skyrocketed (silk, ceramics, etc) • But China did not become industrialized because: • Commerce offended Confucian beliefs • Economic policies favored agriculture  taxes on agric. low & manufacturing high

  6. Forbidden City • Palace in Beijing • All commoners forbidden to enter without special permission • Business affairs conducted & emperor, family, & his court lived there (9,000 rooms)

  7. Great Wall of China • FYI: The Great Wall of China was deteriorating in many areas, so the Ming rebuilt most of it, extending to 8,000 km, or roughly 4, 970 miles (27,190,000 feet)

  8. A New Dynasty: The Qing • Ming Dynasty weak  corrupt rulers & bad harvests • Other side of Great Wall is Manchuria, with people known as Manchus • Manchus invaded Ming & took over for next 260 years

  9. China Under the Qing • At 1st Chinese resisted but Manchus slowly earned respect • kept local traditions, except hair in queue • Allowed Jesuit missionaries to inform them of latest developments in science, math, & medicine in Europe

  10. Manchus Continue Isolation • Chinese think they’re cultural center of world for 2,000 years • If foreigners want to trade, they have to follow their rules (specific ports & pay tribute) • Europeans want silk, porcelain, and especially tea

  11. Daily Life in Ming & Qing • Greater rice production led to higher population • Only sons valued; many female infants killed • Most women forced to stay at home to raise children & manage finances • Foot binding

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