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Advancing Education through Digital Libraries: A Case Study of the NDLTD

This article explores the impact of digital libraries on education, focusing on the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD). It discusses the benefits of digital libraries, community building, and the role of digital resources in advancing education.

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Advancing Education through Digital Libraries: A Case Study of the NDLTD

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  1. University Electronic Publishing throughDigital Libraries:Courseware, Theses and DissertationsICSEP - Valparaiso, Chile, 1 Oct 2002 Edward A. Fox fox@vt.edu http://fox.cs.vt.edu CS DLRL Internet TIC NDLTD CITIDEL NSDL … Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA

  2. Acknowledgements (Selected) • Sponsors: ACM, Adobe, IBM, Microsoft, NSF (Grants CDA-9312611; DUE-0121741, 0136690, 0121679; IIS-0080748, 0086227, 0002935, and 9986089), OCLC, SOLINET, UNESCO, US Dept. Ed. (FIPSE), VTLS, … • Faculty/Staff (now): Boots Cassel, Debra Dudley, Lee Giles, Rex Hartson, John Impagliazzo, Deborah Knox, JAN Lee, Kurt Maly, Gail McMillan, Manuel Perez, Muhammad Zubair, … • Students: Fernando Das Neves, Marcos Goncalves, Paul Mather, Ryan Richardson, Priya Shivakumar, Hussein Suleman, Wensi Xi, … • UNESCO Analytical Survey: Leonid Kalinichenko

  3. Main Message • Digital libraries can help advance education. • Chile is invited to engage in NSDL, CITIDEL, NDLTD, and other ventures. • UNESCO Analytical Survey on Digital Libraries in Education is recommending DLE in each nation. • Local and national support can • stimulate activities, including collaboration • promote a sharing culture, especially in research and teaching • leverage others’ investments (networking, computing, …) • encourage / facilitate learning, innovation and problem solving

  4. Outline • DL Introduction • Concept Maps • Case Study: NDLTD • Case Study: CSTC, CITIDEL • Case Study: NSDL • Conclusions

  5. Libraries of the FutureJCR Licklider, 1965, MIT Press World Nation State City Community

  6. Digital LibrariesShorten the Chain from Author Editor Reviewer Publisher A&I Consolidator Library Reader

  7. DLs Shorten the Chain to Roles Digital Library Author Teacher User Reader Editor Learner Reviewer Librarian

  8. Metadata vs. Data • Data refers to digital objects or digital representations of objects • Metadata is information about the objects (e.g. title, author, etc.): descriptive, interpretive, administrative, … • Many digital library efforts, including the Open Archives Initiative (OAI), focus on metadata, with the implicit understanding that metadata usually contains useful links to the source digital objects • Purists would argue metadata is just data

  9. Outline • DL Introduction • Concept Maps • Case Study: NDLTD • Case Study: CSTC, CITIDEL • Case Study: NSDL • Conclusions

  10. Advancing Education through Community Building Sharing Educational Resources supported by Digital Libraries

  11. Community Building example NSDL NDLTD thru thru example ETD 2003 (Berlin) Training Trainers Manage- ment (see later) CITIDEL using National Projects (e.g, Australia, Germany, India, …) ETD Guide

  12. Advancing Education through Community Building Sharing Educational Resources supported by Digital Libraries

  13. Sharing Examples across roles by researchers by teachers by students Courseware ETDs (recall diagram) Tech Reports Portfolios example NCSTRL (Computer Science) Reviews

  14. Advancing Education through Community Building Sharing Educational Resources supported by Digital Libraries

  15. Educational Resource Benefits – 1/2 thru More resources Better resources thru because Accessible Rewarded Digital Quality Control thru Affordable thru Fitting to student needs WWW from thru Awards Focused DLs Buyers club Publication credit Open Source … Universal educ. DL thru Automation DL tools

  16. Educational Resource Benefits – 2/2 thru More resources Better resources thru because Accessible Rewarded Digital Fitting to student needs Affordable Quality Control supports thru … Composition Smaller Malleability Students select thru makes Interactivity Personalization DL tools Easier to reuse

  17. Outline • DL Introduction • Concept Maps • Case Study: NDLTD • Case Study: CSTC, CITIDEL • Case Study: NSDL • Conclusions

  18. Domain: graduate education, research Genre:ETDs=electronic theses & dissertations Submission: http://etd.vt.edu Collection: http://www.theses.org Project: Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertations (NDLTD) http://www.ndltd.org A Digital Library Case Study

  19. The Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations www.NDLTD.org Training Authors Expanding Access Preserving Knowledge Improving Graduate Education Enhancing Scholarly Communication Empowering Students & Universities Leader of the Worldwide ETD (Electronic Thesis and Dissertation) Initiative

  20. NDLTD IT Ed. (Tech) Grad Program Library

  21. Key Ideas: Networked infrastructure Scalability University collaboration Workflow, automation Education is the rationale 8th graders vs. grads Maximal Access Authors must submit Standards PDF, SGML, MM, MARC, DC, URNs, Federated search

  22. What led to today’s meeting? • 1987 mtg in Ann Arbor: UMI, VT, … • 1992 mtg in Washington: CNI, CGS, UMI, VT and 10 universities with 3 reps each • 1993 mtg in Atlanta to start Monticello Electronic Library (regional, US Southeast): SURA, SOLINET • 1994 mtg at VT: std: PDF + SGML + multimedia objects • 1996 funding by SURA, US Dept. of Education (FIPSE) • 1997 meetings in UK, Germany, ... • 1998 – 1st symposium – Memphis (20) • 1999 – 2nd symposium – Blacksburg (70) • 2000 – 3rd symposium – St. Petersburg (225) • 2001 – 4th symposium – Caltech (200) • 2002 – 5th symposium–BYU; 2003–Berlin; 2004–Kentucky

  23. What are the long term goals? • 400K US students / year getting grad degrees are exposed / involved • 200K/yr rich hypermedia ETDs that may turn into electronic portfolios (images, video, audio, …) • Dramatic increase in knowledge sharing: literature reviews, bibliographies, … • Services providing lifelong access for students: browse, search, prior searches, citation links • Hundreds/thousands of downloads / year / work

  24. ETD Convene Local Planning Group

  25. ETD ETD Workshop/Training Policies Inspection/Approval Build Local ETD Site Digital Library

  26. Student Prepares Thesis/Dissertation NDLTD Literature Computer Resources Research

  27. My Thesis ETD Student Defends & Finalizes ETD Multimedia Start ETD early!

  28. Student Gets Committee Signatures and Submits ETD Signed Grad School Approval form

  29. Graduate School Approves ETD, Student is Graduated Ph.D. Quality control

  30. Library Catalogs ETD, Access is Opened to the New Research WWW NDLTD Digital library access control

  31. Australia U. New South Wales (lead) U. of Melbourne U. of Queensland U. of Sydney Australian National U. Curtin U. of Technology Griffith U. Germany Humboldt University (lead) 3 other universities 5 learned societies: Math, Physics, Chemistry, Sociology, Education 1 computing center 2 major libraries OhioLINK: 79 colleges/univs Consorci de Biblioteques Universitàries de Catalunya, as group, www.cbuc.es: 9 sites India Korea Brazil UK (British Library, JISC, Edinburgh) UNESCO (especially Latin America, Eastern Europe, Africa) National / Regional Projects

  32. Australia Belgium Brazil Canada China, Hong Kong Columbia Finland France Germany India (Hyderabad) Italy Korea Mexico Netherland Norway Russia Singapore S. Africa (Rhodes U.) S. Korea Spain Sudan Sweden Taiwan UK USA Some Countries

  33. Institutional Members • British Library • Cinemedia • Coalition for Networked Information (CNI) • Committee on Institutional Cooperation (CIC) • Consorci de Biblioteques Universitàries de Catalunya • Diplomica.com • Dissertation.com • Dissertationen Online (Germany) • ETDweb, a Division of Answer4.com • Ibero-American Science & Technology Education Consortium (ISTEC) • National Documentation Centre (NDC), Greece • National Library of Portugal (for all universities) • OCLC Online Computer Library Center • OhioLINK • Organization of American States (SEDI/OAS) • Southeastern Library Network (SOLINET) • UNESCO (www.unesco.org/webworld/etd)

  34. Access Possibilities www. openarchives. org Web search engines www. theses. org library catalog clients 3rd Party Services (e.g., UMI) Virginia Tech MIT National Library of Portugal CBUC (Spain) Ohio Link National Projects: AU, GE, …

  35. Example Architecture (NDLTD) Virginia Tech User Interface PhysNet Humboldt Search Browse Recent Duisburg CalTech Union Catalog Dresden MIT Filter User Interface OAI/ODL archive OAI/ODL protocol legend MIT

  36. ODL Demonstration - FrontPage

  37. ODL Demonstration - Search

  38. ODL Demonstration - Browse

  39. Complex to Simple + thesis MARC ($50) Dublin Core (DC)

  40. ETD-MS • ETD Metadata Standard • XML-encoded metadata standard (content and encoding) for Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) • in part conforming to Dublin Core (DC) • using UNICODE • (optionally / later using RDF) • Well specified relationship with MARC

  41. NDLTD Members and ETD-MS • NDLTD members will • Share metadata for their ETDs • Providing that in either ETD-MS • Or if they use a version of MARC locally, work to have that eventually shared in either MARC21 or UNIMARC • Run OAI, either locally or in consortia, so their metadata can be harvested, according to necessary terms and conditions

  42. Some recent additions • ETD individuals support • http://etdindividuals.dlib.vt.edu:9090 • ETD discussion (e-prints) • http://ndltdpapers.dlib.vt.edu:9090 • Conference papers and presentations • http://www.ndltd.org/WVUproc.htm • Marcel Dekker book in publication

  43. What are plans at VT? • LOCKSS welcomed us • Lots of Copies Keeps Stuff Safe • MARIAN: harvest, crawl/scrape, fed search • Metadata crosswalks and format converters • XML schema for ETDs • Open Digital Libraries: easy to add services! • http://oai.dlib.vt.edu/odl

  44. Union catalog? (OCLC) • OCLC will expand the OAI data provider on TDs • Will get data from WorldCat • Will harvest from all who contact them • Need DC and either ETD-MS or MARC • Will have a set for ETDs

  45. Union catalog? (VTLS, VT) • VTLS will enhance search/browse service for ETDs • Will harvest from OCLC’s set of ETD records • Will receive through other mechanisms, too • Will work with MARC-21 and ETD-MS • VT will continue to offer experimental services

  46. NUDL(www.nudl.org)Int’l Research Support • Networked University Digital Library • Partners: Germany, Mexico (Puebla and Monterrey), Brazil • Problems: Multilingual search, high performance DLs, requirements/usability, … • Start with ETDs, then expand to other student works, portfolios, data sets, (CS) courseware, ...

  47. Outline • DL Introduction • Concept Maps • Case Study: NDLTD • Case Study: CSTC, CITIDEL • Case Study: NSDL • Conclusions

  48. CS Teaching Center (CSTC) • Instead of building large, expensive multimedia packages, that become obsolete and are difficult to re-use, concentrate on small knowledge units. • Learners benefit from having well-crafted modules that have been reviewed and tested. • Use digital libraries to build a powerful base of support for learners, upon which a variety of courses, self-study tutorials & reference resources can be built.

  49. JERIC • Journal of Educational Resources in Computing • Accessible from www.cstc.org and www.acm.org • ACM and SIGCSE support • Refereed and interactive • Part of ACM Digital Library

  50. www.CITIDEL.org • Computing and Information Technology Interactive Digital Education Library, an NSDL Collection Track project • Led by Virginia Tech, with co-PIs: • Fox (director, DL systems) • Lee (history) • Perez (user interface, Spanish support) • Partners • College of New Jersey (Knox) • Hofstra (Impagliazzo) • Villanova (Cassel) • Penn State (Giles)

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