RISKS, FACTS, CONSEQUENCES

1. ILLEGAL DRUGS:MARIJUANA RISKS, FACTS, CONSEQUENCES

2. What are DRUGS? • Drugs are chemical substances that have an effect on the body and the mind. • Drugs can be obtained the following ways: • OTC: Over the Counter • Rx: Prescription or Doctor’s note • Illegal: Against the law, “underground”

3. Drug Classifications Caffeine, Nicotine, Ritalin, Cocaine Dexedrine, Amphetamines Stimulants Hallucinogens Marijuana, LSD, PCP, ‘Shrooms. Depressants Opiates/Narcotics Heroin, Codeine, Oxycontin, Demerol, Percocet Anti-Depressants: Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft. Valium, Barbiturates Xanex, Alcohol

4. ABUSE Taking a drug for “fun” get “high” or a “buzz”. Fight boredom. Addiction/Intentionally taking a drug to cause harm (overdose). Taking someone else’s prescription to feel different. Taking ANY illegal drug or a drug not meant for consumption in the body. MISUSE Not finishing all medication when the Doctor says to. Taking expired medication. Taking a an old prescription drug for symptoms without consulting a Doctor. Don’t follow directions: Says to take with food, dosage/amount, shake well Drug Abuse/Misuse Both can be dangerous and cause illness

5. Drugs Abused At Home? • OTC: Over The Counter Drugs Example: Cough Medicine Slang: Robo, Triple C, Orange Crush Abused drug; Dextromethorphan (DXM); induces euphoria, enhanced awareness Side-effects: Nausea, headache, loss of coordination, vomiting, loss of consciousness, coma, death. Can mimic that of opiates/heroin.

6. Rx Drugs Abused • Vicodin: “Vikes”Derived from opium, pain reliever • Side-effects include vomiting, stomach pain, rash, constipation. • Oxycontin: “Oxy”/“OC” Pain reliever, instant rush • Side-effects include upset stomach, constipation, Extremely addictive • Ritalin/Adderall: “Vitamin R”, “Kiddy coke” Stimulant drug, enhances alertness • Side-effects include tremors, loss of coordination, irregular heart beat, anxiety, impulsiveness. ALL deadly when mixed with other drugs or alcohol.

7. Inhalants • Inhalants are toxic or poisonous fumes inhaled intentionally to create a hallucinogenic-type high. • Inhalants are abused through a process called “huffing”. • The inhalant abusers desired experience is numbness, laughter, and hallucinations. • Harmful/dangerous experiences: Dizziness/confusion, muscle spasms, hearing loss, liver/kidney damage, bone marrow damage, brain damage, and heart failure/death.

8. MARIJUANA • What is it???A powerful drug that comes from the Indian Hemp Plant. Also known as “cannabis sativa” • Slang: Dope, pot, maryjane, weed, grass, reefer. • How is it used: Smoked, eaten • F.Y.I.: Number one reason people enter drug rehab is for Marijuana dependence (Good advice!)

9. Facts of MARIJUANA • THC: Mind Altering Chemical found in Marijuana that gets people “HIGH” • Fast Fact: Marijuana is 3-10x’s more powerful today than it was in the 1960’s/70’s. • How long does Marijuana stay in your body? Up to 1 Month • A person can become Psychologically Dependent on Marijuana.

10. Facts about “Medical Marijuana” • Marijuana is not medicine. It has not been approved by the Federal government to be helpful, and is considered a Schedule 1 drug under Federal law. • Marijuana has never been proven in any medical journal to cure or prevent any disease. • AIDS and cancer patients have been prescribed marijuana as a last resort to alleviate pain, nausea, and improve appetite. • These patients are only allowed to smoke in their own homes under strict regulations. • New York state does not allow medicinal marijuana usage.

11. Effect of Marijuana on the BODY & MIND • BODY • Speeds up heart rate; increases risk of heart attack. • Risk cancer of the lungs, mouth, throat. • Affects growth and sexual development; interfering with hormone production. • Slows down reaction time, thinking, reflexes; similar to that of alcohol. • Weakens Immune System. BRAIN • Hallucinations/blurs vision. • Loss of ambition, motivation. • Affects personality, mood, and behavior. • Affects short-term memory negatively. • Affects part of brain that controls thirst and hunger. • Affects muscle coordination.

12. Stimulants • Drugs that speed up the body and the mind. • Types: Caffeine, Nicotine, Amphetamines, Cocaine, Crack • Many Stimulants have the –INE or “EEN” sound at the end of the drug. LOOK closely. • Why do people use STIMULANTS? To stay awake, for fun;fight boredom, to feel better about themselves.

13. EFFECTS OF STIMULANTS ON MIND AND BODY • Increased Heart Rate & Breathing • Increased in Blood Pressure • Sweating/frequent urination • Sleeplessness • Increase body temperature • Headaches • Easily irritated • Addiction • Loss of appetite • Can’t focus/concentrate • Nausea

14. Cocaine & Crack • Cocaine: Powder extracted from the coca leaf. • Taken by sniffing, injecting, smoking. • Slang: coke, toot, snow, blow • Crack: Cocaine that has been chemically changed to be smoked. (In rock form) • Crack can be more dangerous because of how quickly it gets to the brain, lungs and heart. • Possible to become “instantly addicted”.

15. Effects on the Mind and Body • BODY • Increases breathing & heart rate to dangerous levels. • Possibility of overdose; even the first time. • Rises body temperature and blood pressure. • Nasal damage (holes in septum) • Crack (freebasing) causes damage to lungs • MIND • Addiction (strong physical/psychological) • Short-term; intense pleasure followed by a depressed or anxious/paranoid low. • Affects personality, mood, ambition/goals for the future.

16. Methamphetamine Meth Laboratory Meth Mouth Meth Addicted Brain “Crystal” Meth

18. What are Hallucinogens? • Mood & Mind altering drugs that affect the central nervous system; • See or hear things that aren’t there. • LSD: Acid, purple haze Colorless, odorless liquid absorbed through the skin • Mescaline: Peyote, Mesc. Pill form (eaten) • Psilocybin: Magic Mushrooms, ‘shrooms. Eaten (Is it a poisonous mushroom??) • PCP: Angel Dust, Peace Pill Commonly smoked, commonly found laced in Marijuana. Types of HALLUCINOGENS

19. HALLUCINOGENS:THE MIND & “TRIPS” • PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS:Changes the way the brain interprets messages. • Unpredictable effects • Effects may be scary; make a person feel like they are “going crazy” • “Trips”: Term given to the experience on a hallucinogen. (May last 8-10 hours, effects cannot be stopped) • “Bad Trip”: Scary/fearful/paranoid experiences • “Flashbacks”: The feeling of being on the drug without taking more of it. Can happen at any time; may last seconds to minutes; unpredictable.

20. HALLUCINOGENS • PHYSICAL EFFECTS: • Increased Heart Rate • Nausea • Loss of appetite • Increased BP • Decreased Coordination • Sweating • Vomiting • Sleeplessness • Tremors

21. Ecstasy: MDMA or Ecstasy (methylenedioxymethamphetamine), is a synthetic drug with amphetamine-like and hallucinogenic properties. It is classified as a stimulant. SHORT-TERM This can lead to muscle breakdown and kidney, liver and cardiovascular failure. Can cause Long-Term: Stop the production of serotonin, a brain chemical, which regulates mood, pain, appetite, learning and memory. May disrupt or interfere with memory. severe dehydration and hyperthermia or dramatic increases in body temperature.

22. Athletes Admitted To, or Have Been Accused of Steroid Use

23. STEROIDS • What are STEROIDS?: Steroids are synthetic derivatives of the male hormone testosterone. • There are more than 100 different types pf anabolic steroids, some are by prescription, some are made illegally, some are smuggled into the U.S. illegally. • Steroids can be injected with a hypodermic needle or taken orally.

24. Why do people take STEROIDS? • 47.1%: To improve athletic performance. • 26.7%: To improve their appearance. • 10.7%: For injury treatment or prevention. • 15.5%: For other reasons. • Approximately 1 in 35 high school students has tried steroids. • It’s said that at least 40% of boys have thought about trying or are planning on using steroids.

25. How do I know if someone is on STEROIDS? • Rapid muscle growth and gain. As much as a 20-30 percent increase in a 4-8 week period. • Puffiness or bloated appearance, in particular face and upper body. • Spotted or blotchy skin. • Persistent bad breath. • Unexplained aggressiveness or behavioral changes/irritability. • Severe acne on face, back, and legs. • Severe headaches and dizziness. • Nausea. • Unexplained bloody noses. • Possible hair loss.

26. Males Decreased sex drive. Shrunken testicles. Sterility or possible impotence. Enlarged prostate gland. Gynecomastia: “Male Breasts” Increase in body hair growth. Severe mood swings. Females Development of male characteristics including: Reduction in breast size. Increase in body/facial hair. Thinning hair. Wider shoulders. “Manly” muscles. Potential Side Effects for Males and Females

27. Women and Steroids

28. Long-Term Side-Effects of STEROIDS • Liver tumors, both benign and malignant. • Linked to increase in other types of cancer. • Increases cholesterol levels; increases chance of heart disease. • Reproductive organs are affected reducing one’s likelihood of having children. • Possible link to stunting one’s growth. • HIV/AIDS from infected needles.

29. Group Questions about STEROIDS • List at least 3 warning signs that you might suspect a friend is taking steroids. • What could be some situations or scenarios that leads to your friend’s using steroids? (List 3). • How might you discourage a friend from using? • What are some safer alternatives to improving your friend’s physique and sports performance?