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The Historical Books Dr. Rich Denning

The Historical Books Dr. Rich Denning. Joshua Judges Ruth 1, 2 Samuel 1, 2 Kings 1, 2 Chronicles Ezra Nehemiah Esther. Hebrew Bible classifications: Red=“former prophets” Black=“writings”. OT “Historical” Books . Dr. Rich Denning. Joshua (24 chapters).

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The Historical Books Dr. Rich Denning

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  1. The Historical Books Dr. Rich Denning

  2. Joshua Judges Ruth 1, 2 Samuel 1, 2 Kings 1, 2 Chronicles Ezra Nehemiah Esther Hebrew Bible classifications: Red=“former prophets” Black=“writings” OT “Historical” Books Dr. Rich Denning

  3. Joshua(24 chapters) “Conquest of the Land and Allotting to the Tribes” Dr. Rich Denning

  4. Mediterranean Sea Moab Succoth Edom Sinai Ezion Geber Midian Mt. Sinai Dr. Rich Denning Red Sea

  5. About Joshua • Son of Nun • Minister and associate of Moses • A spy (Joshua and Caleb) • Farewell address Ch. 24 Dr. Rich Denning

  6. Conquest of Canaan • Crossing the Jordan River into the land (“Get your feet wet”) • Jericho: The key base of operations • The Central Campaign • Ai • The Five Kings in the Valley of Aijalon • The Southern Campaign • Libnah, Lachish, Eglon, Hebron, Debir, etc. • The Northern Campaign • Hazor, Kedesh, Acshaph Dr. Rich Denning

  7. Division of the Land:The 12 Tribes • Note Carefully: • Joseph is split into two half-tribes, headed by his sons Ephraim and Manasseh. • The Levites have no land, for the Lord is their inheritance (Josh. 13:33). • Simeon is later absorbed into Judah. • Dan later moves north to escape opposition. Dr. Rich Denning

  8. Judges(21 chapters) Book about Failure “Cycles” Dr. Rich Denning

  9. Cycle of Oppression and Redemption Prosperity and Apostasy Oppression Judge/Deliverer Cry Out - Repent Dr. Rich Denning

  10. Major Judges of Israel Cushan-Rishathaim king of Mesopotamia Othniel Eglon king of Moab Ehud (left-handed) Jabin king of Canaan, Sisera his general Deborah, Barak, Jael Midianites Gideon Philistines and Ammonites Jephthah Philistines Samson

  11. Ruth(4 chapters) “Kinsmen Redeemer” Dr. Rich Denning

  12. Ruth’s Family • Elimelech and Naomi (From Bethlehem in Judah) • Moved to Moab during a famine in time of Judges • Two sons, Mahlon and Kilion • Mahlon and Kilion married Orpah and Ruth, both Moabitesses • Ruth married Boaz, from Bethlehem • Obed • Jesse • David and the Messianic line Dr. Rich Denning

  13. 1 Samuel(31 chapters) Saul’s Reign Dr. Rich Denning

  14. Elkanah, Hannah, and Samuel contrasted with Eli’s Sons, Phinehas and Hophni (chs. 1-3) Faithfulness in the midst of the lawlessness of Judges The loss of the ark (ch. 4) God’s judgment on lawlessness (“Ichabod”) The Philistines and the ark (chs. 5-6) The awful seriousness of God’s presence The people’s desire for a king (ch. 8) A longing to be like other nations A rejection of God’s kingship The End of the Period of Judges Dr. Rich Denning

  15. Saul and David • God’s King • The youngest of his family; does not look the part (16:11-12) • Values the honor of God (17:45-7) • Values his enemy Saul because God has anointed him king (chs. 24, 26) • Intensely loyal to his friend Jonathan (18:1, 20) The People’s King • Looks the part (10:23) • Has a semblance of humility (10:22) • Oppresses the people (8:10-18) • Looks at the situation rather than at God (10:8 and 13:7-12) • Is rejected by God (13:13-14; 15:1-29) Dr. Rich Denning

  16. 2 Samuel(24 chapters) “David’ Reign” Dr. Rich Denning

  17. David’s Family, David’s Downfall WifeChildren Michal (Saul’s daughter) ---- Ahinoam Amnon Abigail (Nabal’s widow) Kileab Maacah Absalom, Tamar Haggith Adonijah Abitail Shephatiah Eglah Ithream Bathsheba (Uriah’s widow) “X,” Solomon Dr. Rich Denning

  18. The Kings and Kingdoms Overview Dr. Rich Denning

  19. Overview of the Kingdom(s) • United Kingdom (Saul, David, Solomon) • Ca. 1050 – 930 B.C. • Northern Kingdom (Israel) • 930-722 B.C. • 20 kings • None who did right in the sight of the Lord • Southern Kingdom (Judah) • 930-586 B.C. • 20 kings • 8 who did right in the sight of the Lord Dr. Rich Denning

  20. Overview of the Kings • Doing right in the sight of the Lord meant remaining faithful to the covenant. • Principally: Hezekiah and Josiah • To a lesser degree: Asa, Jehoshaphat, Jehoash, Amaziah, Azariah, and Jotham • Doing evil in the sight of the Lord meant… • violating the second commandment by making images. • (Jeroboam and all of Israel’s kings) • violating the first commandment by worshiping Baal. • (Ahab, Manasseh, and others) Dr. Rich Denning

  21. Kings of the Divided Kingdom Dr. Rich Denning

  22. Samuel/Kings vs. Chronicles Samuel/ KingsChronicles More events described More extended speeches Positive and negative por- Positive portrayal of David trait of David/Solomon and Solomon Focus on Israel Focus on Judah Written for exilic commun- Written for the post-exilic com- ity to explain why the munity to explain that God exiles took place was still faithful to covenant Dr. Rich Denning

  23. 1 and 2 Kings(22 and 25 chapters) (Meek, pp. 12-13) Dr. Rich Denning

  24. Why did God allow the exiles? • The people did not consolidate worship of the one God in the one place commanded (Deut. 12). • Notice the prominence of the Temple (1 Kings 8). • But the kings did not remove the high places. • Jeroboam even set up new centers of worship aside from the Temple, at Dan and Bethel (1 Kings 12). Dr. Rich Denning

  25. Why did God allow the exiles? • The people did not consolidate worship of the one God in the one place commanded (Deut. 12). • The kings did not obey God’s law for the king. (Deut. 17:14-20) • Not to have dealings with Egypt • Not to take many wives • Not to seek wealth • To revere the Lord and his Law • Solomon broke all of these laws (1 Kings 10-11) • The crucial book of Deuteronomy was actually lost for several hundred years (2 Kings 22). Dr. Rich Denning

  26. Why did God allow the exiles? • The people did not consolidate worship of the one God in the one place commanded (Deut. 12). • The kings did not obey God’s law for the king. (Deut. 17:14-20) • In fulfillment of prophecy dealing with God’s anger at sin (Deut. 13, 18) • Elijah and Elisha (See esp. 1 Kings 18.) • Foreigners often recognize the presence of God more than Israel does. (See 2 Kings 5.) Dr. Rich Denning

  27. Why did God allow the exiles? • The people did not consolidate worship of the one God in the one place commanded (Deut. 12). • The kings did not obey God’s law for the king. (Deut. 17:14-20) • In fulfillment of prophecy dealing with God’s anger at sin (Deut. 13, 18) • In fulfillment of covenant curses (Deut. 27-8) • See 2 Kings 17:7-13. Dr. Rich Denning

  28. Is there hope for the exiles? • Yes! • The Davidic line continues, even though the Davidic kingship has ended (2 Kings 25:27-30). • God did not fail; we did. • But we can be faithful to the covenant now. Dr. Rich Denning

  29. 1 and 2 Chronicles(29 and 36 chapters) (Meek, p. 14) Dr. Rich Denning

  30. Has God been unfaithful to his covenant people? • No! • God has given the Ark and the priesthood (1 Chron. 13, 15-16). • God has given the Davidic line (1 Chron. 1-9, 17). • God has given the Temple (1 Chron. 29, 2 Chron. 2-7). • God has given the Law, with blessings and curses (2 Chron. 7:13-22). • God has given good kings as types of the coming Davidide, the Messiah. Dr. Rich Denning

  31. Major Empires in the Ancient World • Assyria (ca. 900 B.C. – 612 B.C.) • Babylon (612 B.C. – 539 B.C.) • Defeated Assyrians in 612 B.C. • Defeated Egyptians in 605 B.C. • Persia (539 B.C. – 331 B.C.) • Gained control of Media in 549 B.C. • Conquered Babylon in 539 B.C. • Allowed nations captured by Babylon to return to their homelands in 538 B.C. • Struggled with Greece for control of Asia Minor for most of the 5th and 4th centuries B.C., and finally fell to Greece in 331 B.C.

  32. Tigris Nineveh Euphrates Damascus Susa Babylon Samaria Ur Dr. Rich Denning

  33. Rebuilders after the Exile • Zerubbabel rebuilt the Temple. • Ezra restored the worship and practice according the the Law. • Nehemiah rebuilt the walls of Jerusalem. Dr. Rich Denning

  34. Ezra(10 chapters) (Meek, p. 15) Dr. Rich Denning

  35. The Book of Ezra Second Wave First Wave • Ezra • Artexerxes • The people were intermarrying!!! • Divorced their foreign wives • Cyrus King of Persia • Zerubbabel and Jeshua (Joshua in Haggai) • Sons of Asaph • Xerxes • Darius Dr. Rich Denning

  36. Nehemiah(13 chapters) (Meek, p. 15) Dr. Rich Denning

  37. Eliashib The Book of Nehemiah • Susa • Artexerxes • Sanballat the Horonite • Tobiah the Ammonite • Geshem the Arab Dr. Rich Denning

  38. Esther(10 chapters) (Meek, p. 15) Dr. Rich Denning

  39. Xerxes Vashti Esther Mordecai Haman Purim The Book of Esther Dr. Rich Denning

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