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Competency 0001. Identify a writer's point of view and intended meaning. Main Idea. What is the most important point the author is making about the paragraph or passage.Not always directly stated, but inferred. Questions on test that are asking for main idea. The best title for this selection isThe passage discussesThe passage focuses mainly onThe topic of this passage isThis passage concernsThe problem the author is discussing in this passage isThe author is explaining the nature of.
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1. Subarea I Critical Thinking Skills: Reading and Communication
2. Competency 0001 Identify a writer’s point of view and intended meaning
3. Main Idea What is the most important point the author is making about the paragraph or passage.
Not always directly stated, but inferred
4. Questions on test that are asking for main idea The best title for this selection is
The passage discusses
The passage focuses mainly on
The topic of this passage is
This passage concerns
The problem the author is discussing in this passage is
The author is explaining the nature of
5. Recognizing ideas that support, illustrate, or elaborate the main idea What additional information the author has used to support the main idea
Additional information that helps you understand the main idea
6. Supporting Details may consist of: Examples
Descriptions
Characteristics
Steps
Places
Names
Dates
Stats
Reasons
Results
7. Test questions about supporting details may be phrased as: According to the passage
According to the information in the passage
The author states that
The author states
8. Writer’s opinions When asked what is author’s point of view, you are being asked what is his position on an issue. Is he for it or against it.
When asked what is author’s purpose for writing the passage, you are being asked if the passage informs or explains, instructs or teaches, persuade or convinces, or if it entertains or amuses the reader.
9. Point of View & Position These are one in the same
10. Competency 0002 Analyze the Relationship Among Ideas in Written Material
11. Writing Patterns List
Division/classification
Sequence
Process
Definition
Definition with example
Comparison/contrast
Cause/effect
Spatial order
12. Deductive Reasoning Take a generalization and see how it applies to a specific situation.
Look at the big picture and draw a conclusion
13. Inductive Reasoning Drawing a conclusion that is based on specific details or facts.
Going from the smaller to the bigger picture
14. Competency 0003 Use critical reasoning skills to evaluate written material
15. Facts Something you can prove
16. Opinion Something that cannot be proved or disproved: a judgment or a belief
Signal words: perhaps, greatest, better, safer, apparently, one possibility
17. Validity Examine the author’s logic
What does the author take for granted?
What type of support does the author present? (facts, opinions, research)
Does the support pertain directly to the argument?
Is the argument objective and complete?
18. Competency 0004 Recognize the roles of purpose and audience in written communication
19. Purpose for writing Persuade
Describe
Teach
Entertain
20. Tone Authors choice of words and style
Sarcasm – contempt or ridicule
Some words that describe tone: serious, emotional, critical, supportive, grim, humble, etc
21. Intended Audience Who should read this?
Who did the author write this for?
22. Competency 0005 Recognize the unity, focus, and development in writing
23. Writing Examples Does the point of view change? (shift from 1st to 3rd person)
Does the writing improve with revision?
24. Subarea II Communications
25. Competency 0006 Recognize effective organization in writing
26. Paragraph Organization Topic Sentence
Supporting details
Cohesive and effective sequence of ideas
Transitional words and phrases
27. Competency 0007 Recognize sentences that effectively communicate intended meaning
28. Ineffective repetition and inefficiency in sentence construction
Modifier placement,
parallel structure,
Use of negatives in sentence formation
Inappropriate word choices
29. Competency 0008 Recognize standard conventions of formal written English usage in the United States.
30. Verb forms
Pronouns
Adverbs
Adjectives
Comparatives
Superlatives
Plural
Possessive
Standard punctuation
Identify fragments and run-on sentences
Subject-verb agreement