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China Responds

Explore China's historic battles against foreign influences, including the Opium Wars and peasant rebellions, leading to modernization conflicts and Qing Dynasty collapse.

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China Responds

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  1. China Responds Reading: 371-375 Warm Up: Why do people use drugs such as marijuana, opium or cocaine?

  2. Attempt at foreign Influence • West Tech- clock, globe, instruments , hot air balloon- Emperor unimpressed • Chinese self sufficient • Limited Foreign influence by limiting ports

  3. Opium War • Attempt to sell everything failed…until Indian Opium… by 1835 12 million addicts • Chinese government makes Trade illegal. British refuse to stop selling and balance of Trade shifts.

  4. Letter to Queen Victoria: “ By what right do they (merchants) use the poisonous drug to injure the Chinese people… I have heard that the smoking of opium is strictly forbidden in your country…” -Lin Zexu

  5. Opium War • Chinese Burn opium ships at Guangzhou after ship refuse to give up cargo and Brittan declares war. • 1842 War ends with – • Extraterritorial rights • Opening of ports • Treaty of Nanjing- gives up Hong Kong

  6. Taipang rebellion • 1850 Peasant Rebellion breaks out against the Qing Dynasty • Hong Xiuquan captures Yongan and proclaims a new Dynasty • Qing beg for help from British and French 20 million die in 14 year struggle • Results in Treaty of Tanjin- legalize opium, new ports are open and Kowloon Peninsula given to British

  7. 1870’s Self Strengthening Movement and decline • Empress Cixi – modernize or Honor traditions? • Russia takes portion of Siberia, Tibet lost to Great Britain • Spheres of Influence • Era of Warlords • Sino Japanese War • Open door policy- US Economics

  8. Society of Harmonious Fists-Boxers • Anti Qing and anti foreigner • Cixi- tries to play both sides • Foreign troops (Brits, French, US, Russian, Italy, Japan, Germany, Austria) all join to defeat boxers • Foreign Nations demand payment for losses

  9. Collapse of Qing • Empress tries reforms • In 1908 she dies and Henry Pu Yi is placed on the throne he would be China’s last Emperor • Nationalist party formed under Sun Yat-sen

  10. Summary Questions • What island did the Treaty of Nanjing give to the British? • Regions of China dominated by foreigners? • Emperor who tried to modernize but was overthrown by a more powerful ruler? • What allowed foreigners to not follow Chinese Law? • This was declared by the US in order to allow them to trade with China • Who Ruled China between 1861-1908 • Clash Between British and China that ended in China’s humiliating defeat? • Largest armed rebellion in 19th century China lasted 14 years and was finally crushed by the Qing after they asked for help from Britain and France • Revolt that was a violent reaction to foreigners was defeated by a multi national force.

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