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Learn about verbals and how they function as a different part of speech. Explore participles, gerunds, and infinitives and their roles in sentences.
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Understanding Verbals A verbal is a verb that is being used as another part of speech rather than a verb.
There are three types of Verbals • Participles • Gerunds • Infinitives Examples • The frightened cat scratched my eye. • Running seems tiresome at first. • Sometimes I like to swing and sometimes I like to slide at the park.
Verbals • A verbal is a verb that is being used as another part of speech rather than a verb. • Examples • The frightened cat scratched my eye. • Running seems tiresome at first. • Sometimes I like to swing and sometimes I like to slide at the park. Participle Gerund Infinitive
Participles • A participle is a verbal that acts as an adjective. They can end in -ing, -ed, or -en. • The crying woman left the movie theater. • The frustrated child ran away from home. • The broken car no longer works.
Participles • A participle is a form of a verb that acts as an adjective. • The crying woman left the movie theater. • The frustrated child ran away from home.
Identify the Participles in the following sentences • Sometimes my gurgling stomach keeps me from concentrating • While sleeping with the TV on, the tormented child dreamt of monsters. • Screaming adults tend to be very impatient.
Gerunds • A gerund is a verbal that acts as a noun. -Running is great exercise -Most people enjoy eating.
Gerunds • A gerund is a verbal that acts as a noun. (always end in “ing”) -Running is great exercise -Most people enjoy eating.
Identify the Gerunds in the following sentences • Talking is a disruptive activity. • My kids love playing with on their iPhones. • The doctor gave studying all of his attention.
Infinitives • An infinitive is a Verbal that appears with the word “to” and acts as a noun, adjective, or adverb • 2 types of infinitives • Present infinitive (only “to” + verb) • Perfect infinitive (“to have” or “to have been” + past tense version of the verb) *Be careful, infinitives can also be split by an adverb!
Infinitive examples • Present • I like to debate. • To play with matches is wrong. • Perfect • I would have liked to read the paper. • To have been mentioned would have been enough. *I want to not like cauliflower. (What’s splitting the infinitive?)
Identify the verbals in the following sentences and identify them as a participle, a gerund or an infinitive. • Meditating on positive ideas brings great physical health. • The explorer struggled to find the remote colony. • The heated pool is great for sore muscles
How do participles function? • Participles can only function as adjectives. Example: The excited fan screamed when she saw the singer. A poor man had a worn coat with no buttons. The charming salesman convinced me to buy a new car.
How do gerunds function? • Gerunds can function as the subject of the sentence, subject complements, direct objects, or object of the prepositions. Example: Talking is a disruptive activity. A great exercise is running. Most people enjoy eating. Never keep a teacher from planning.
How do infinitives function? • Infinitives can function as subjects, subject complements, direct objects, adjectives, or adverbs. Examples: To play with matches is wrong. My greatest ambition is to climb Mt. Everest. The explorer struggled to find the remote colony. This is the best time to start. To win, you need the highest number of points.
