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Character & Dissimilarity Matrices

Character & Dissimilarity Matrices. Protist Diversity Wrap-Up. Make sure you know how to build a phylogentic tree of the protists Are plastids homologous or analogous? Put the supergroup and subgroup of each protist examined on your tree. Lab 3: Animal Diversity. Lab Goals.

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Character & Dissimilarity Matrices

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  1. Character & Dissimilarity Matrices

  2. Protist Diversity Wrap-Up • Make sure you know how to build a phylogentic tree of the protists • Are plastids homologous or analogous? • Put the supergroup and subgroup of each protist examined on your tree

  3. Lab 3: Animal Diversity

  4. Lab Goals • Recognize the major phyla of animals • Understand the developmental characters that distinguish the different groups and how these can inform our understanding of evolution (chart on pg. 49) • More practice with phylogenetic trees!!!!

  5. Fig. 32-1

  6. What are animals? • Eukaryotic • Heterotrophic • Multicellular • Diploid • Are motile at some stage

  7. You are here

  8. Some Terminology…. Symmetry: pattern of body organization • Asymmetry • Radial symmetry • Bilateral symmetry

  9. Why is embryonic development important in our understanding of evolution? • Evolutionary Developmental Biology (“Evo-Devo”) • Comparisons of developmental characters in different organisms can often reveal ancestral relationships • Excellent characters for use in building phylogenies Ernst Haeckel 1892

  10. Tissues • Parazoa-no tissue differentiation • Eumetazoa-has true tissues • Diploblastic—two cell layers • Triploblastic—three cell layers Diploblastic Diploblastic Diploblastic Triploblastic

  11. Diploblastic Development

  12. Triploblastic Development Deuterostomes (“mouth second”) Blastopore= mouth Blastopore= anus Protostomes (“mouth first”)

  13. Videos • Development of the Blastula • Gastrulation

  14. Triploblastic Animals • Have one or two bodycavities: • Archenteron = gut • May also have either a: • Pseudocoelomexterior lined by mesoderm, interior lined by endoderm • Coelom • cavity completely lined with mesoderm archenteron coelom

  15. Psuedocoelomate Coelomate Acoelomate

  16. Protostomes: Two Clades • Lophotrochozoa • Fun to say! • Trochophore larvae • Lophophore • Used for filter feeding • Ecdysozoa • Shed an external cuticle or exoskeleton • Why is this done??

  17. Flow Chart True Tissues? yes no Parazoa Eumetazoa Number of Germ Layers? Asymmetry three two Triploblastic Diploblastic Bilateral symmetry Fate of blastopore? Radial symmetry mouth anus Protostome Deuterostome Coelom Acoelomate, Pseudocoelem, or Coelem Which clade? Lophotrochozoa Ecdysozoa Trochophore larvae or lochophore (or neither) ?

  18. Today’s Lab • Work through all stations (use flowchart!) • Examine organisms in tank • Complete lab report in class • Show me your tree!

  19. Next Week • 20 pt quiz (protists and animals) • you may use protist “cheat sheet” • All words on Table 3.3 in the Animal Diversity lab will be in a word bank on the quiz (i.e. know the definition but don’t worry about spelling) • Animal Lab Report DUE (animal lab is first one worth points!!) • Read Pig Dissection Lab and BRING GLOVES

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