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Important Survival Structures and Adaptations in Plants

Important Survival Structures and Adaptations in Plants . Vascular Tissue- Nutrition. Vascular Tissue  move fluids through the plant body 1. Xylem – carries water from the root to the other parts of the plant 2. Phloem – transports nutrients and carbohydrates made by photosynthesis.

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Important Survival Structures and Adaptations in Plants

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  1. Important Survival Structures and Adaptations in Plants

  2. Vascular Tissue- Nutrition • Vascular Tissue  move fluids through the plant body • 1. Xylem– carries water from the root to the other parts of the plant • 2. Phloem – transports nutrients and carbohydrates made by photosynthesis

  3. Vascular Tissue Chart-Nutrition

  4. Leaves-Nutrition • Designed for absorbing light and carrying out photosynthesis • Two types of leaves: • 1. Simple (one leaf) • 2. Compound (many leaflets)

  5. Leaf Functions-Nutrition • Carries out photosynthesis • Transpiration- evaporation of water through leaves • Gas Exchange • Stomata remains open enough just to allow photosynthesis to take place

  6. Layers of Leaf- Nutrition&Respiration • Cuticle- outer waxy surface of the leaf that prevents drying out • Mesophyll spongy layer is composed of many chloroplasts • Palisade mesophyll– absorb the light • Spongy mesophyll – air spaces that connect the stomata with outside • Stomata – pore-like openings on the underside of a leaf to absorb carbon dioxide • Cuticle- outer waxy surface of the leaf that prevents drying out

  7. Stomata On Surface of Leaf- Respiration Swollen Guard Cells Small stoma opening little gas exchange Large stoma opening ample gas exchange Flaccid (weak) guard cells

  8. How the stomata helps to maintain homeostasis? • The stomata allows for the plant to REGULATE the exchange of gases MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS • Dependent on the availability of water • When water is plentiful plant can accept more water guard cells swell stomata opens gas exchange can occur readily • When water is NOT plentiful OR wants to conserve the water it has guard cells shrink stomata closes gas exchange slows down

  9. Cones in Conifer Plants- Reproduction • Cones and pollen are used as the reproductive structures found in gymnosperms • Exhibit alternation of generations sporophyte and gametophyte phases. • http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp30/30020.html

  10. Reproduction in Angiosperms-Reproduction • Also exhibit sporophyte and gametophyte generations • http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/angiosperm.html

  11. Flower Parts-Reproduction • Flowers are the reproductive structure in angiosperms. Stamen-> men=male • Male: anther+filament • Contains pollen • Pistil (carpel)-> female • Stigma,style,ovary • Ovary holds the ovules.

  12. Seeds-Reproduction • Seeds in plants play an important role in • Protection of the plant embryo • Prevention of drying out of moisture within the seed • Provides nutrients as it develops

  13. Monocot vsDicot Seeds

  14. Summary Tutorial • http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/838/858365/ch03anim/3_1_6_1a.swf

  15. How Do Plants Respond to the Environment? • 1-Tropism= response by a plant to an external stimulus • Phototropism response to light • Gravitropism response to gravity • Hydrotropism response to water • Thigmotropism response to touch (surfaces like vines wrapping around) • 2-Hormones= auxins • cytokinins, gibberlins, ethylene

  16. Plant Auxins- Response to Environment • Auxins substances that regulate cell growth at the tip of plant by stimulating cell elongation. • CytokininsStimulatecell division, and cause dormant seeds to sprout. • Gibberillinsdramatic increase in size (stems and fruits) • Ethylene Stimulate fruits to ripen

  17. Other Environmental Adaptations- Response to Environment • Aquatic PlantsTissues with large air filled spaces for oxygen diffusion • Epiphytes-Grow directly on other plants to obtain their nutrients Ex. Spanish Moss • Desert Plants (Xerophytes)-Extensive roots, reduced leaves, & thick stems stores water. • Nutrition Specialists-Live in areas with low concentrations of nutrients in the soil. • Ex. Carnivorous plants (Venus Fly Trap) • Parasites (Mistletoe)

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