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Inhalation Exposure to Nanoparticles

Inhalation Exposure to Nanoparticles. Michael J. Ellenbecker, Sc.D., CIH Toxics Use Reduction Institute University of Massachusetts Lowell. Potential for Exposure. Workers and the general public may be exposed to airborne nanoparticles During their manufacture

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Inhalation Exposure to Nanoparticles

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  1. Inhalation Exposure to Nanoparticles Michael J. Ellenbecker, Sc.D., CIH Toxics Use Reduction Institute University of Massachusetts Lowell

  2. Potential for Exposure • Workers and the general public may be exposed to airborne nanoparticles • During their manufacture • During their incorporation into devices • During their use • After end-of-life disposal • Very little is known about the potential for such exposures, and effective measures to control such exposures

  3. LOWELL The NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for High-rate Nanomanufacturing

  4. Societal Impact Testbeds: Memory Devices And Biosensor Education and Outreach Collaboration and Interaction Use Templates in High Rate Nanomanufacturing Reliability & Defects, and Modeling Create Nanotemplates: Design, Manufacture And Functionalize CHN Pathway to Nanomanufacturing Societal Impact and Outreach

  5. Potential Exposures • Nanoparticles • Manufacturing • Compounding • Adding powders to liquids • Particles in liquids • Chemicals • Adding functionality to C60 and CNT requires complex chemical reactions • Nanolithography & other techniques for making templates

  6. Cross-section of alveoli Shows a very thin (500 nm) separation between blood and air. An SEM image of the alveoli is shown in the inset Hoet et al. J Nanobiotech 2004.

  7. Regional Lung Deposition

  8. Airborne Nanoparticle Monitoring TSI Fast Mobility Particle Sizer (FMPS) Spectrometer Model 3091 (TSI) • 5.6 to 560 nm, 32 channels • 1 s cycle time

  9. Background/Breathing zoneDetecting Locations22 inches distance Source ConcentraionDetection Location3 inches distance- 1st port Fugitive SourcesDetecting Locations8 inches distance - 3rd port Fugitive Sources/ SourceDetecting Locations8 inches distance -2nd port Results: Aerosol Monitoring-Processing(7) Twin Screw ExtruderLayout of Aerosol Measuring Locations:

  10. Results: Aerosol Monitoring-Processing(7) Twin Screw Extruder

  11. Results: Aerosol Monitoring-Processing(5) CNT Furnace

  12. Results: Aerosol Monitoring-Processing(5) CNT Furnace

  13. Results: Aerosol Monitoring-Processing(6) Fullerene Shaking Reaction

  14. Results: Aerosol Monitoring-Processing(6) Fullerene Shaking Reaction

  15. Respirator Performance • Recent research suggests that the proper respirator may be highly effective against nanoparticles • N100 cartridges – 100% efficient for nanoparticles, as predicted • N95 cartridges – Pt > 5% for 40 nm particles at high breathing rates

  16. Filtration Mechanisms

  17. Boltzman Equilibrium Charge Distribution • Aerosol particles are charged by random interaction with air ions • 1 μm particle – 90% charged at any instant • 40 nm particle – 20% charged at any instant

  18. Air Pollution Control Equipment • HEPA filters likely to be effective • Cyclones will not work • Unanswered questions on the efficacy of fabric filters, electrostatic precipitators, and Venturi scrubbers

  19. Precautionary Principle • When there is uncertainty, err on the side of precaution • For nanoparticles, this means we need to reduce exposure to the lowest possible level • We are working with the various CHN laboratories to identify control strategies to accomplish this

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