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Use of Millimeter Waves LAN (mmwLAN) for Enterprise Applications

IEEE 802 Tutorial November 11, 2003. Use of Millimeter Waves LAN (mmwLAN) for Enterprise Applications. Rosio Alvarez, Director OIT, U.Mass. End User need for mmwLAN Leigh Chinitz , CTO, Proxim mmwLAN / mmwWAN Convergence

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Use of Millimeter Waves LAN (mmwLAN) for Enterprise Applications

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  1. IEEE 802 Tutorial November 11, 2003 Use of Millimeter Waves LAN (mmwLAN) for Enterprise Applications • Rosio Alvarez, Director OIT, U.Mass. End User need for mmwLAN • Leigh Chinitz , CTO, Proxim mmwLAN / mmwWAN Convergence • Dev Gupta, Chairman, Newlans mmwLAN for Enterprise Applications

  2. Technology Objective Investigate the Possibility of Creating a Standard To Provide • True Gigabit Ethernet transport to any station • Comparable or better availability than copper or fiber • Comparable or better performance than copper or fiber • Comparable or better security than copper or fiber • Mobility Market + Technology + Value

  3. Top Level Requirements • Multi Gigabit data rate solution for wireless Gigabit To The Desktop (GTTD) which operates in 56 + GHz bands • Provide reliability through frequency, time and space diversity • Minimize probability of interference, interception and jamming • Provide security at PHY and MAC layers • Robust QoS coupled with high throughput • Enable rapid installation and provisioning with minimal technical knowledge and experience • Readily reconfigurable, reusable and redeployable • Lowest cost for high data rates ($/Mbps) • Complete, safe, hassle-free coverage

  4. Gi Fi 802.11 – Standard In Evolution Phase 3 True enterprise grade Gigabit-Ethernet-To-The-Desktop Phase 2 Phase 1

  5. Ethernet’s Past & Future 170 M Transition to GigE 110 M Transition to FE 1980 – 10 Mbps – 802.3 1990 – 10 M-BaseT – 802.3i 1997 – 100 Gbps-BaseT – 802.3x 1998 – 1 Gbps-BaseX – 802.3z 1999 – 1 Gbps-BaseT – 802.3ab 2002 – 10 Gbps-LX – 802.3aeb 2005 – 10 Gbps-BaseT – Future – 100 Gbps ? Millions of LAN Connections 45 M Source – Fujitsu presentation titled ‘GigE on the desktop and beyond’ at NFOEC/GEC, September 9, 2003

  6. Growth of Gigabit Ethernet Worldwide Installed Base of GigE Ports (Copper and Fiber) 55.5 M 11.2 M Source – Fujitsu presentation titled ‘GigE on the desktop and beyond’ at NFOEC/GEC, September 9 2003

  7. Why GTTD? • Cost effective location of network resources • Enables greater centralization of server and storage resources • Translates to lower cost, better security, improved manageability • Improved network efficiency • GTTD acquires and releases network resources fast • Enhanced productivity for users and network managers • Network Managers: Enable remote software installations, software upgrades, data backup and better utilization of network resources • Users: Reduced wait time • Deployment of new applications • New generation applications are bandwidth intensive • High resolution video conferencing, broadcast video, video-on-demand, online training, distance leaning, peer-to-peer collaboration, file transfers, data mining, data base applications (CRM, ERP), email with attachments • Translates to better productivity • New computing paradigms • GigE grid computing

  8. GTTD Improves Network Efficiency GigE Edge Switch GigE Switch GigE Backbone 2 GigE Link 100 Mbps Link 1 Work Stations Server 3 • The resources of the server is held by the work station • FE connection implies that data is buffered at the edge switch • GTTD eliminates or minimizes the queuing and transmission delay GTTD in a client-server scenario can improve the performance by 67% Source: Dr. Roger Billings, Gigabit Ethernet - Emergence to the edge of the network at GEC keynote address, Washington D.C., August 2002

  9. Productivity Comparison Productivity GigE users spent 88% less time waiting for data when compared to 10 Mbps users, and 47% less than 100 Mbps users Source: Cisco white paper – Deploying Gigabit Ethernet To The Desktop: Drivers and Applications

  10. Additional Benefits of mmwLAN N = 244, IT respondents Sources: Cisco and NOP World, Wireless LAN Benefit Study

  11. 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.6 2.3 0 1 2 3 4 Barriers To mmwLAN Adoption Lack of adequate security Limited data rates Limited coverage Limitations (e.g. lack of QoS) Reliability concerns (e.g. RF interference) No Need Responses 1 = Strongly Disagree 2 = Somewhat Disagree 3 = Neutral 4 = Somewhat Agree 5 = Strongly Agree Derived from Yankee Group Survey

  12. 64 GHz 57 GHz 74.75 72.25 73.50 71 GHz 76 GHz 94.0 94.1 84.75 82.25 83.50 92 GHz 95 GHz 81 GHz 86 GHz Above 56 GHz Allocations 9.9 GHz of spectrum for mmwLAN applications 19.9 GHz of spectrum for broadband applications

  13. 64 GHz 57 GHz 60 GHz Band • Unlicensed band governed by Part 15.225 • 15 dB/Km of O2 absorption • Robust PHY layer security • High frequency reuse • Connectivity up to 10 Gbps • Currently used in MAN and campus networks • New commercial applications: mmwLAN and PAN

  14. 74.75 72.25 73.50 71 GHz 76 GHz 84.75 82.25 83.50 81 GHz 86 GHz 70 & 80 GHz Allocation • FCC opened these bands for commercial use in October 2003 • Divided into 4 unpaired segments per band • Segments may be aggregated • Cross band aggregation permitted with some restriction • “Pencil-beam” applications • License based on interference protection on a link-by-link basis

  15. 94.0 94.1 92 GHz 95 GHz 90 GHz Allocation • FCC opened these bands for commercial use in October 2003 • Divided into 2 unpaired segments • 94 GHz to 94.1 GHz allocated for exclusive Federal use • Segments may be aggregated • License based on interference protection on a link-by-link basis for outdoor use • No license required for indoor use

  16. 56 GHz + Allocations in Other Regions No allocations for commercial deployment in 70 GHz, 80 GHz and 90 GHz bands

  17. FCC Requirements 60 GHz Band • Average power density ≤ 9 μW/cm2 at 3 m • Peak power density ≤ 18 μW/cm2 at 3 m • Power density ≤ 1 mW/cm2 on the general population for 30 minutes averaging • Total peak transmitter output power cannot exceed 500 mW • Out of band spurious specifications • For indoor application, transmit FCC identifier, serial number and 24 bytes data every 1 second.

  18. FCC Requirements 70 GHz, 80 GHz and 90 GHz Bands Awaiting for FCC rules

  19. Reflection Coefficients

  20. Human Body Attenuation

  21. Transmission Through Concrete

  22. Transmission Through Plasterboard

  23. Modem Requirements • Support multiple bands (≥ 4) in the millimeter wave band • Support a baud rate such that payload throughput is equal or greater than 1 Gbps • FEC should be incorporated such that modem has good error performance with ≈ 10 dB SNR • Modem should be fairly immune to compression, phase noise and jitter • Modem should be fairly immune to 50+ MHz of frequency error • Modem should provide PHY layer Security • Modem should be inexpensively realizable Developing an innovative class of modem is key

  24. Antenna Requirements Beam Shaped MIMO Antenna • Mitigate effects of multipath • Maximum coverage • Minimum RF exposure • Minimize wasted spill of energy Antenna is an enabler for space, time and frequency diversity

  25. Link Performance PT = 23 dBm instantaneous GT = 23.5 dBi peak GR = 17.5 dBi peak 42.9 m 161.6 feet 134.4 m 441.1 feet

  26. Tx Rx Multipath Effects Left Hand Si = -82 dBm Time = 49 ns Outside antenna’s beam coverage Right Hand Right Hand Si = -87 dBm Time = 90 ns Right Hand Si = -60 dBm Time = 0 30 feet Left Hand PT = 10 dBm GT = 10 dBi GR = 10 dBi Right Hand 30 feet

  27. Rx Rx Tx Wall Propagation Analysis Example 150 m 10 m 10 m 10 m Margin = 12 dB Extender Wall 10 dB 10 dB 20 dB 10 m 10 m 10 m 10 m 10 m Margin = 0 dB Wall Tx 10 dB 10 dB 20 dB 10 dB

  28. Reliability • Energy contained in a building • Low probability of interference or jamming • Effective BER very low due to space, time and frequency diversity • Network management can be used to perform fault monitoring and optimization of radio resources, and reroutes traffic to keep high availability

  29. Reliability High availability provided by frequency, space and time diversity 5.3 minutes/year Source: Based on Networld special report titled ‘Supercharging The Desktop’ and Newlans

  30. Campus Network Convergence of mmwLAN and campus network • Seamless network • Indoor/outdoor mobility • Security comparable to or better than a wired network • Availability comparable to or better than a wired network • Robust QoS • Lower deployment cost • Lower product cost • Indoor and outdoor equipments have common components Untethered Fiber

  31. Migration Path Migration path to 10 GigE – must track migration in the wired network • 60 GHz and 90 GHz have adequate bandwidth, but reduced number of channels • 70 GHz and 80 GHz have 10 GigE backhauling capability • Choose a modulation scheme does not require major overhauling, thus minimizing cost impact • Maintains backward compatibility with 1 GigE

  32. MAC Layer Requirements • High Performance MAC should provide Link • Layer Control • Provide scheduling across space and frequency • diversity • Provide multiple classes of service • Should provide a reliable link layer in the • presence of multiple copies of packets and • copies with errors • High Efficiency > 80%

  33. Security Features • 60 GHz propagation facilitates confinement of energy in an area • AES implemented in hardware at NAP and STN at 1 Gbps per channel • Customizable scrambler whose interconnections are customized per LAN • Per-channel digital scrambler seed sequences that can be refreshed as needed on control channels provide added security • Per-channel policies insulate high and low security users from each other’s differing network requirement Objectives • Mutual authentication for identity confirmation • Block cipher for confidentiality (ex. use of advanced encryption standard) • Dynamic keying for all of above (ex. 802.1X key management) • Customizable PHY layer security option • Low probability of interception and jamming

  34. Transmit Antenna Receive Antenna Technology Components Front End Modem MAC

  35. Variable Cost Fixed Cost Fixed Cost Per Drop Cost Note Based on pricing for copper and fiber in 2005

  36. Synergy With Other Standards Work

  37. End

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