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Lime and Soda Ash Manufacturing: Processes, Economics, and Industry Impact

Explore the processes of lime and soda ash manufacturing, including quarrying limestone and the Solvay Process. Learn about the economic impact of lime production on the steel industry and fluctuating energy prices. Discover how soda ash production correlates with sales trends and industry growth.

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Lime and Soda Ash Manufacturing: Processes, Economics, and Industry Impact

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  1. Limestone Feedstock Abby Svee and Jake Marynik

  2. Limestone Major Products

  3. Lime Manufacturing The basic lime process Quarrying limestone Preparation of limestone for kiln Calcining limestone CaCO3 (s)CaO(s) + CO2(g) Hydrating limestone CaO(s) + H20(l)Ca(OH)2(aq) Distribution www.lime.org

  4. Basic soda ash process (Solvay Process) Ammonation of Brine Na+Cl-NH4+and OH- ions Formation of carbon dioxide and calcium oxide C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g) CaCO3(s)CaO(s) +CO2(g) Solvay tower NH3(g) + H2O(l) + CO2 NH4HCO3(aq) Separation of solid sodium hydrocarbonate Formation of sodium carbonate 2NH4HCO3(aq) Na2CO3 + H2O(g) + CO2(g) Formation of calcium hydroxide CaO(s) + H2O(l) Ca(OH)2(aq) Regeneration of ammonia 2NH4Cl(aq) + Ca(OH)2 CaCl2 + 2NH3(g) + H2O(g) Soda Ash Manufacturing www.essentialchemicalindustry.org

  5. Lime Economics in Industry • Lime production is deeply dependent on steel industry • Steel industry fluctuates with automobile and housing demand • Lime’s energy intensive production fluctuates with energy prices • More than most other inorganic chemicals www.acclaimmetals.com

  6. Lime Economics in Industry Cont.… From 1970-1975 lime price rose from $12/ton to $28/ton (oil embargo increased energy costs) Lime production dropped 2.4% per year starting in the 1980’s Lime production started rebounding in the 1990’s Presently (2002) commercial value of 45.2 billion pounds is $1.3 billion ArcelorMittal 93.6 million tons (2012) • In millions of tons http://www.epa.gov/ttnchie1/ap42/ch11/final/c11s17.pdf

  7. Soda Ash Economics in Industry • Pyrex, registered trademark of Corning Incorporated • Corning Incorporated reported a Sales increase of 10% in the last quarter of 2013 with increasing periods of sales in prior quarters. • In millions of tons http://www.epa.gov/ghgreporting/documents/pdf/infosheets/sodaashmanufacturing.pdf

  8. References • http://www.lime.org/documents/lime_basics/NLA-how-lime-is-made.pdf • http://www.epa.gov/ttnchie1/ap42/ch11/final/c11s17.pdf • http://www.epa.gov/ghgreporting/documents/pdf/infosheets/sodaashmanufacturing.pdf • http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/soda_ash/ • http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/lime/ • Chenier, Philip J. “Chapter 5.” Survey of Industrial Chemistry. New York, NY: Kluwer Academics/ Plenum, 2002. 354-465. Print. • http://www.corning.com/news_center/news_releases/2013/2013103001.aspx • http://www.worldsteel.org/statistics/top-producers.html • http://corporate.arcelormittal.com/news-and-media/press-releases/2013/nov/07-11-2013

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