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CMPT 238 Data Structures C++ Review

CMPT 238 Data Structures C++ Review. Instructor: Tina Tian. Include Directives. #include < iostream > Preprocessor directive iostream is a library containing definitions of the input and output function Linker Appears at the start of the program, begin with # using namespace std ;

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CMPT 238 Data Structures C++ Review

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  1. CMPT 238 Data StructuresC++ Review Instructor: Tina Tian

  2. Include Directives • #include <iostream> • Preprocessor directive • iostream is a library containing definitions of the input and output function • Linker • Appears at the start of the program, begin with # • using namespace std; • Tells the compiler to use names in iostreamin a “standard” way

  3. int main() • { //beginning of the main function • .... //statements • return 0; • } //end of the program

  4. The output function cout • c(C++ language)out(output) • c(C++ language)in(input) • cout<<whatever data you want to output; • cout<<“Welcome to CMPT102!”; • << represents the flow of the data.

  5. Input Function cin • cout: output to screen • cin: input from keyboard • cout<<whatever you want to output; • cin>>variable_name; • cin>>variable1>>variable2; • Orcin>>variable1; • cin>>variable2;

  6. Escape sequences • Start a new line • \n (need to go inside of the quotes) • endl • Escape sequence • \n new line • \t tab • \” “ • \\ \

  7. Comments • // This is a comment. • /* • This is a comment. • This is another comment. • */

  8. Combine Declaration and Assignment • int number = 3; • double rate = 0.07, balance = 0;

  9. http://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/size-of-long-integer-type-on-different-architecture-and-oshttp://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/size-of-long-integer-type-on-different-architecture-and-os

  10. The char Type • Short for character • Any single character from the keyboard • a letter, a digit, or punctuation mark • intnumber; char letter; • intnumber = 5;char letter = ‘a’; • char letter = ‘A’;

  11. The Class string #include <string> charletter; string message; charletter = ‘a’; string message = “hello”; • Concatenation • string firstName = “Chuck”; • string lastName = “Norris”; • string name = firstName + lastName; //string name = firstName + “ “ + lastName;

  12. The bool Type • Boolean • Two values • True • False • bool flag; • boolisPrime= false;

  13. Constants • double pi = 3.14159; • const double PI = 3.14159; • constdouble CELSIUS_TO_FAHRENHEIT = 33.8; • Old version of C++ compilers: • #define PI 3.14159

  14. Arithmetic Operators • +, -, *, / • int / int -> int • double / int-> double • 10/3, 5/2, 11/3 • (a+b)*c • (a-(b+c))*d

  15. Modulus % • 17 % 5 = 2 • 23 % 2 = ? • 20 % 3 = ? • How to determine if a number is even/odd?

  16. Multiwayif-else syntax • if (condition_1) • Action_1; • else if (condition_2) • Action_2; • ... • else if (condition_N) • Action_N; • else • Action_For_All_Other_Cases;

  17. Comparison Operators • > greater than • < less than • >= greater than or equal to • <= less than or equal to • == equal to • != not equal to • a = 2; • if (a == 2)

  18. The And Operator • If score is greater than 0and less than 100... • (score > 0) && (score < 100) • is true only if both are true

  19. The Or Operator • (score1 >= 60) || (score2 >= 60) • is true if one or both are true

  20. Syntax of the while Statement • while(Boolean_Expression) • { • Statement_1; // body • Statement_2; // iteration • ... • } • while(Boolean_Expression) • Statement;

  21. Using the while Loop for Input Validation cout<<“Guess a number between 0 and 10: "; cin>>number; while((number <0) || (number > 10)) { cout<<"Invalid Entry!“;cout<<"Guess a number between 0 and 10: "; cin>>number; } //Start playing the game

  22. Increment and Decrement Operators • Usually are used with int variables • count = count + 1; • count++; • count = count – 1; • count--;

  23. For Loop Dissection • The for loop uses the same components as the while loop in a more compact form • for (int n = 1; n <= 10; n++) Initialization Action Update Action Boolean Expression

  24. for(int n = 1; n < = 10; n = n+2) • for(int n = 0 ; n > -100 ; n = n-7) • for(int n = 0 ; n < 100 ; n = n*2) • for(double x = pow(y,3.0); x > 2.0; x = sqrt(x) )

  25. Nested Loops • for (inti = 1; i <= 5; i++)// outer loop • { • for (int j = 1; j<=5; j++)// inner loop • { • cout<<i<<“ “<<j<<endl; • } • }

  26. The break Statement • The break statement can be used to exit a loop. • Write a program to ask the user to enter 10 positive numbers and output their sum. • Terminate the loop when the user enters a negative value.

  27. The continueStatement • Can use continue to go to end of loop and prepare for next repetition

  28. Exercise: Pattern Displays • Write a C++ program that uses a loop to display the pattern below. • ++++++++++ • +++++++++ • ++++++++ • +++++++ • ++++++ • +++++ • ++++ • +++ • ++ • +

  29. Next class • C++ Review • Functions • Arrays • Pointers • OOP

  30. Homework • Review your old 102 assignments • Practice C++

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