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External Determinants of Aggression. Overview. Before midterm… situational/external factors After midterm… biological/individual factors So… What are the factors from Chapter 5 ( external factors ) and how do they compare/contrast in terms of influencing aggression?
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Overview • Before midterm… situational/external factors • After midterm… biological/individual factors So… • What are the factors from Chapter 5 (external factors) and how do they compare/contrast in terms of influencing aggression? • What are the factors from Chapter 4 (social factors), and how to reconcile all of these factors from both chapters ???
External determinants? • Heat • Noise • Crowding • Air Quality • Odor • Cues • Media • Self-awareness
So many factors ?!? • Frustration Magnitude Arbitrariness Emotional processes Cognitive Processes • Attacks Defensive strategy Impression Management • Target Sex of Target Race of Target • Other people Obedience Bystanders • Heat • Noise • Crowding • Air Quality • Odor • Cues • Media • Self-awareness
How to reconcile so many factors? = THEORIES • Chapter 1 • Instinctive Drives – Evolutionary Perspective • Externally created Motivations • Frustration-Aggression model • Aggressive Cue Theory • Excitation Transfer Theory • Cognitive Models • Cognitive Neoassociation Model • Cognition-Excitation Interdependencies • Learned Behavior • Social Learning Theory
How to reconcile so many factors? = THEORIES • Chapter 1 Instinctive Drives – Evolutionary Perspective • Externally created Motivations • Frustration-Aggression model • Aggressive Cue Theory • Excitation Transfer Theory • Cognitive Models • Cognitive Neoassociation Model • Cognition-Excitation Interdependencies Learned Behavior Social Learning Theory
How to reconcile so many factors? = THEORIES • Chapter 1 Instinctive Drives – Evolutionary Perspective • Externally created Motivations • Frustration-Aggression model • Aggressive Cue Theory • Excitation Transfer Theory • Cognitive Models • Cognitive Neoassociation Model • Cognition-Excitation Interdependencies Learned Behavior Social Learning Theory (plus pages 263-269, “Aggression influences Arousal”)
How to reconcile so many factors? = THEORIES • Chapter 1 Instinctive Drives – Evolutionary Perspective • Externally created Motivations • Frustration-Aggression model (Dollard) • Aggressive Cue Theory (Berkowitz) • Excitation Transfer Theory (Zillman) • Cognitive Models • Cognitive Neoassociation Model (Berkowitz) • Cognition-Excitation Interdependence (Zillman) Learned Behavior Social Learning Theory
Original Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis Frustration (and only frustration) Aggression(of all forms)
Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis (Reformulated) Frustration Pain Heat Any Other Unpleasant Experience Negative Feelings Emotional Aggression
Cognitive neoassociation model Unpleasant Experiences (pain, heat, etc.) Negative Feelings Angry Thoughts and Associations Fight
Cognitive neoassociation model Unpleasant Experiences (pain, heat, etc.) Negative Feelings OR Angry Thoughts and Associations Fearful Thoughts and Associations Fight Flight
Cognitive neoassociation model Unpleasant Experiences (pain, heat, etc.) Negative Feelings OR Objects or Events Priming Aggression Angry Thoughts and Associations Fearful Thoughts and Associations Fight Flight
Cognitive neoassociation model Unpleasant Experiences (pain, heat, etc.) Negative Feelings Negative Feelings Objects or Events Priming Aggression AngryThoughts and Associations Angry Thoughts and Associations Fearful Thoughts and Associations Fight Flight
Cognitive neoassociation model Unpleasant Experiences (pain, heat, etc.) Negative Feelings Objects or Events Priming Aggression AngryThoughts and Associations Angry Thoughts and Associations Fearful Thoughts and Associations Flight Fight Fight